YC/T 146-2010 English PDF (YC/T146-2010)

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YC/T 146-2010: Leaf tobacco. Threshing and redrying. Technical specification
YC/T 146-2010
TOBACCO INDUSTRY STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 65.160
X 87
Record No.: 30419-2011
Replacing YC/T 146-2001
Leaf tobacco - Threshing and redrying –
Technical specification
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 01, 2010
IMPLEMENTED ON: JANUARY 01, 2011
Issued by: State Tobacco Monopoly Administration
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
1 Scope ... 5 
2 Normative references ... 5 
3 Terms and definitions ... 6 
4 Technical requirements ... 7 
5 Packing ... 21 
6 Workshop environment ... 24 
7 Online quality testing ... 25 
Annex A (informative) Technical flow diagram ... 35 
Leaf tobacco - Threshing and redrying -
Technical specification
1 Scope
This Standard specifies technical requirements for each process of threshing
and redrying.
This Standard is applicable to flue-cured tobacco and burley tobacco.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
GB 2635, Flue-cured tobacco
GB 8966, Burley tobacco
GB/T 18771.2-2002, Tobacco vocabulary - Part 2: Tobacco processing and
tobacco products
GB/T 21136, Threshed tobacco - Determination of stem content
GB/T 21137, Leaf tobacco - Determination of strip particle size
YC/T 31, Tobacco and tobacco products - Preparation of test sample and
determination of water content - Oven method
YC/T 137.1, Package of redried strip - Corrugated carton
YC/T 147, Threshed tobacco - Quality inspection
YC/T 159, Tobacco and tobacco products - Determination of water soluble
sugars - Continuous flow method
YC/T 160, Tobacco and tobacco products - Determination of total alkaloids-
Continuous flow method
YC/T 161, Tobacco and tobacco products - Determination of total nitrogen-
Continuous flow method
A technical process that conducts high temperature treatment to the stem that
has been subjected to threshing and classifying, so that the moisture content of
the stem reaches the specified indicator, which is conducive to long-term
storage.
3.8 lamina packing
A process that conducts batch metering, pre-compression molding, packing-
bundling, marking to the redried lamina.
4 Technical requirements
See Annex A for the technical flow of threshing and redrying.
4.1 Preparing
4.1.1 Technical task
4.1.1.1 All raw materials of tobacco leaf that enter the production workshop
shall be metered and make detailed records.
4.1.1.2 The quality and quantity of raw materials of tobacco leaf that are put in
each batch shall meet the requirements of production regulations.
4.1.1.3 Prepare raw materials for threshing proportionately according to
proportion grade and quantity requirements strictly.
4.1.1.4 Stack raw materials of tobacco leaf in order according to batch number.
The interval between batches is not less than 1m. Do not stack wrong or stack
mixed or stack super-highly (the height limit is 2m).
4.1.1.5 Supply raw materials of tobacco leaf in balance according to batches,
sequence or ratio requirements.
4.1.2 Requirements for materials
4.1.2.1 The grade quality, moisture content and natural sand content of raw
materials of tobacco leaf shall meet technical requirements of GB 2635 and GB
8966.
4.1.2.2 The origin, type, variety and quantity of raw materials of tobacco leaf
shall meet requirements.
4.1.2.3 The bale has no serious damage. There shall be no mildew, odor,
pollution, water stains, sundries, and untreated maggot tobacco leaves in the
bale.
4.2.4 Equipment requirements
4.2.4.1 Cabinet doors, vacuum butterfly valves, blowout valves, safety valves,
cooling towers, condensate pumps, water tanks, meters shall meet the
equipment design requirements.
4.2.4.2 There shall be no damage or deformation of in-cabinet deflector and
side-wall deflector.
4.2.5 Process requirements
4.2.5.1 When the ambient temperature is lower than 25°C, the moisture content
of the tobacco leaf is lower than 16%, or when the tobacco leaf is compacted,
it shall use vacuum conditioning.
4.2.5.2 Steam pressure, water pressure, compressed air pressure shall meet
the requirements of technical conditions.
4.2.5.3 Determine the vacuum conditioning cycle according to tobacco leaf’s
origin, type, grade, variety, moisture content, and degree of tobacco sticking.
4.2.5.4 There shall be a gap between the bale and its carrier, between the inner
wall and the door of the vacuum cabinet. They shall not be in touch. Stack the
bales neatly.
4.2.5.5 Tobacco leaves after vacuum conditioning shall not be sealed in a
vacuum cabinet. The bale storage time after leaving the cabinet shall not
exceed 30min. In case of equipment failure, measures shall be taken to unpack
the bale.
4.2.5.6 Tobacco leaves shall be loose and soft after conditioning. Maintain the
original color and luster, no flushing or water staining on the lamina.
4.3 Leaf spreading, tipping and loosening
4.3.1 Technical task
4.3.1.1 Spreading the materials continuously, uniformly and neatly on swing bar
conveyor according to production requirements.
4.3.1.2 When tipping and threshing, cut the tip of the tobacco stem less than
1.5mm in diameter.
4.3.1.3 Exclude non-tobacco leaf material, green, mildew, oily, worm-eaten
tobacco leaves and tobacco leaves that do not meet the requirements.
Separate shredded cigarettes in tobacco hand.
4.3.2 Requirements for materials
4.4.4.3 Tobacco leaves should be loose after conditioning, without sticking,
water stains, flushing leaves, steamed slices. Ensure the original color of
tobacco leaf.
4.4.4.4 After single ordering, tobacco leaf is characterized by soft lamina.
Tobacco tendons do not break easily when held by hand. Lamina can be torn
off from the tobacco tendon. The tear is not smooth.
4.4.4.5 After double ordering, tobacco leaf is characterized by soft tobacco
lamina and tendon when held by hand. Lamina can be torn off from the tobacco
tendon easily. The tear is smooth.
4.4.4.6 In case of failure, shut down the soda valve in time. when the downtime
is more than 15min, the tobacco leaves in the cylinder shall be transferred out
to dry.
4.5 Sand sieving selection
4.5.1 Technical task
Remove debris such as sand, tobacco bugs and eggs mixed in tobacco leaves.
Separate shredded tobacco.
4.5.2 Requirements for materials
Meet the requirements for single-ordering technical indicators in 4.4.2.
4.5.3 Process requirements
4.5.3.1 Tobacco leaf flow is uniform, in line with equipment process capacity.
4.5.3.2 Sieving holes are not blocked. The output is smooth after sieving.
4.6 Leaf base, tip selection
4.6.1 Technical task
4.6.1.1 Manually pick out green tobacco, moldy tobacco, sundries, and other
tobacco leaves that do not meet technical requirements.
4.6.1.2 Manually open bundle of bundled tobacco hands.
4.6.2 Requirements for materials
4.6.2.1 Meet the requirements for single-ordering technical indicators in 4.4.2.
4.6.2.2 Tobacco leaves are loose. The flow distribution is uniform.
4.6.3 Process requirements
NOTE 3: For burley tobacco, the lamina rate for the lamina of which the size is greater than
12.7mm×12.7mm is respectively reduced by 2%, 3% and 5% according to first-class
tobacco, medium-class tobacco and low-class tobacco based on flue-cured tobacco and the
lamina rate of other specifications shall remain unchanged.
4.8.4 Equipment requirements
The sealing and abrasion resistant materials are good, stable. The sealing is
good and it shall not fall easily.
4.8.5 Process requirements
4.8.5.1 According to the specific situation of different types, grades and varieties
of tobacco leaves, control the feeding flow of tobacco leaves. Make technical
adjustments to the frame, the speed of the roller, the air volume, the air speed,
and the speed of the throwing roller.
4.8.5.2 Reasonably adjust the amount of threshing air at each level of threshing
line. The ratio of the production rate of the first-class threshing and classifying
to the production rate of whole-line lamina is 60%~65%. The ratio of the
production rate of the second-class threshing and classifying to the production
rate of whole-line lamina is 20%~25%.
4.8.5.3 According to lamina content in stem, timely adjust the air volume of the
stem-backing system.
4.8.5.4 When the production is over or the tobacco leaf grade is changed, the
residual material in the machine shall be removed.
4.9 Strips storing and leaf distribution
4.9.1 Technical task
4.9.1.1 Further mix the lamina of each formulation group uniformly.
4.9.1.2 Further balance the moisture of lamina.
4.9.1.3 Realize balanced production in previous and next procedures.
4.9.2 Requirements for materials
4.9.2.1 The moisture content of material and flow are uniform.
4.9.2.2 Same with 4.8.3.
4.9.3 Quality requirements
After strips storing and leaf distribution, the coefficient of variation of nicotine
(that is, standard deviation / mean of nicotine × 100%) is less than 10%.
moisture content of the left, middle and right of the redryer tail is extremely poor,
less than or equal to 1%.
4.10.3.3 The lamina temperature of the redryer tail is 50°C~55°C.
4.10.3.4 The content of class-one sundries is zero. The content of class-two
and class-three sundries shall not exceed 0.00665%.
4.10.3.5 Lamina rate difference of lamina with a size greater than
12.7mm×12.7mm before drying and after drying: less than 4% for first-grade
tobacco, less than 5% for medium-grade tobacco, less than 6% for low-grade
(interior) tobacco. The lamina rate difference of burley tobacco is increased by
1% based on flue-cured tobacco.
4.10.4 Equipment requirements
4.10.4.1 The instrument works as normal. The display is accurate. The
equipment automatic control system works normally.
4.10.4.2 The heating and humidifying system and transmission components are
intact. Mesh is not blocked.
4.10.4.3 Steam, water, compressed air pipes and nozzles are unblocked.
Nozzle atomization effect is good.
4.10.4.4 Various valves and pipe joints have no running, emitting, dripping or
leaking. Condensate circuit is clear.
4.10.4.5 The air speed of the mesh surface is even in all areas.
4.10.5 Process requirements
4.10.5.1 Steam pressure, water pressure, and compressed air pressure meet
equipment requirements.
4.10.5.2 Preheat the equipment before feeding. Preheat 20min ahead in
summer, 25min ahead in winter.
4.10.5.3 Timely adjust the speed of the feeding scraper, the feeding conveyor
belt and the uniform blade roller according to the tobacco leaf flow. Adjust the
speed of the screen according to the moisture content and thickness of the
tobacco leaf.
4.10.5.4 Set the temperature of the drying room according to the moisture
content of lamina. Use arc constant temperature method. Slowly dry at a low
temperature. The temperature of drying room does not exceed 100°C. The
temperature of cooling room is 35°C~45°C. The temperature of conditioning
room is 55°C~65°C. For burley tobacco, increase the temperature by 5°C on
4.11.4.2 The sieving holes of the tobacco stem shaker shall not be blocked.
Stem delivery is smooth.
4.11.5 Process requirements
4.11.5.1 Steam pressure and compressed air pressure meet equipment
requirements.
4.11.5.2 Before feeding, the equipment shall be preheated for 15min~20min.
4.11.5.3 Distribute the tobacco stems evenly on the grill belt. Send them into
the stem dryer to dry.
4.11.5.4 According to the stem flow and moisture content, reasonably set the
mesh belt speed and drying room temperature. The drying room temperature
does not exceed 120°C.
4.12 Debris and detritus disposal
4.12.1 Technical task
4.12.1.1 Separately bake the broken lamina generated by the production line.
Sieve the baked broken lamina according to the required specification.
4.12.1.2 After excluding the stem contained in the broken lamina of which the
size after sieving is greater than 2.36mm×2.36mm, blend into the baked lamina
uniformly. Separately pack the detritus of which the size is less than
2.36mm×2.36mm or pack by size according to customer needs.
4.12.2 Requirements for materials
The material flow is uniform.
4.12.3 Quality requirements
4.12.3.1 The moisture content of baked debris and detritus is 11%~13%. The
percentage of stem in debris and detritus is less than or equal to 0.5%.
4.12.3.2 Requirements for sundries by debris and detritus: the content of class-
one sundries is zero; the content of class-two and class-three sundries shall not
exceed 0.00665%.
4.12.4 Process requirements
The redrying temperature for debris and detritus is less than or equal to 100°C.
The moisture content after drying is uniform and consistent.
The stem packing shall meet the following requirements (or according to the
contract requirements):
a) Sack packing: shall be lined with film bag; net weight of stem packing is
(30.0±0.2)kg ~ (50.0±0.2)kg;
b) Carton packing: (200.0±0.8)kg.
5.2.4 Process requirements
5.2.4.1 Marks are clear and complete. Weighing is accurate.
5.2.4.2 Packaged tobacco stems shall be stacked neatly in the designated
position.
5.2.4.3 Do not stack in the open air.
5.2.4.4 The stem temperature before packing shall not exceed 50°C.
5.3 Debris and detritus packing
5.3.1 Technical task
Pack and mark the baked debris and detritus according to a certain packing
specification and mass.
5.3.2 Material standard
Same with 4.12.3.
5.3.3 Quality requirements
The debris and detritus packing shall meet the following specification
requirements (or according to the contract requirements):
a) Sack packing (lined with film bag): net weight is (25.0±0.2)kg ~
(30.0±0.2)kg;
b) Carton packing: (150.0±0.5)kg.
5.3.4 Process requirements
5.3.4.1 Weighing is accurate. Marks are clear and complete.
5.3.4...