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GB 18597-2023: Standard for pollution control on hazardous waste storage
GB 18597-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE?€?S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.030.01
Z 70
Replacing GB 18597-2001
Standard for Pollution Control on Hazardous Waste Storage
ISSUED ON: JANUARY 20, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 1, 2023
Issued by: Ministry of Ecology and Environment;
State Administration for Market Regulation.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative References ... 5
3 Terms and Definitions ... 6
4 General Requirements ... 8
5 Site Selection Requirements for Storage Facilities ... 9
6 Pollution Control Requirements for Storage Facilities ... 9
7 Pollution Control Requirements for Container and Packaging ... 11
8 Pollution Control Requirements during Storage Process ... 12
9 Emission Control Requirements for Pollutant ... 13
10 Environmental Monitoring Requirements ... 14
11 Environmental Emergency Requirements ... 14
12 Implementation and Supervision ... 15
Standard for Pollution Control on Hazardous Waste Storage
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the general requirements for pollution control of hazardous waste
storage; the requirements for site selection and pollution control of storage facilities; the
requirements for pollution control of containers and packaging materials; the requirements for
pollution control during storage process; and the requirements for environmental management
such as pollutant emissions, environmental monitoring, environmental emergency response,
implementation and supervision.
This standard applies to the pollution control and environmental management for site selection,
construction and operation of new, rebuilt and expanded hazardous waste storage facilities for
organizations that generate, collect, store, utilize and dispose of hazardous wastes; and also
applies to the pollution control and environmental management during the operation of existing
hazardous waste storage facilities.
This Standard does not apply to temporary storage during the cleanup of historical stockpiled
hazardous wastes.
If there are other provisions for the storage of specific hazardous wastes in other national solid
waste pollution control standards, the relevant provisions shall be implemented.
2 Normative References
The following documents are essential to the application of this Standard. For the dated
documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this Standard; for the
undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) is applicable to this
Standard.
GB 8978 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard
GB 12348 Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary
GB 14554 Emission Standards for Odor Pollutants
GB/T 14848 Standard for groundwater quality
GB/T 16157 The determination of particulates and sampling methods of gaseous pollutants
emitted from exhaust gas of stationary source
4 General Requirements
4.1 Organizations that generate, collect, store, utilize and dispose of hazardous wastes shall
build hazardous waste storage facilities or set up storage sites, and select the type of storage
facilities as needed.
4.2 The type and scale of storage facilities or sites for storing hazardous wastes shall be
determined based on factors such as the type, quantity, form, physicochemical properties and
environmental risks of hazardous wastes.
4.3 Hazardous wastes shall be stored in a classified manner according to the type, form,
physicochemical properties and pollution prevention requirements of hazardous wastes; and
contact between hazardous wastes and incompatible substances or materials shall be avoided.
4.4 Hazardous wastes shall be stored in a classified manner according to the form,
physicochemical properties, packaging form and migration pathway of pollutants; and
measures shall be taken to reduce the generation of pollutants such as leachate and its derivative
wastes, leaked liquid wastes (referred to as leachate), dust, VOCs, acid mist, toxic and harmful
atmospheric pollutants and irritating odor gases to prevent them from polluting the environment.
4.5 Liquid wastes and solid wastes generated during the storage of hazardous wastes shall be
collected in sorts and properly handled in accordance with their environmental management
requirements.
4.6 Storage facilities or sites, containers and packaging shall be equipped with hazardous waste
identification signs such as hazardous waste storage facility or place signs, hazardous waste
storage subarea signs and hazardous waste labels in accordance with the requirements of HJ
1276.
4.7 Hazardous waste environmental key supervision organizations specified in HJ 1259 shall
use electronic floor scales, electronic labels, electronic management ledgers and other technical
means to manage the hazardous waste storage process in an informatization manner to ensure
that the data is complete, true and accurate; if video surveillance is used, the surveillance screen
shall be clear and the video records shall be kept for at least 3 months.
4.8 When a storage facility is decommissioned, the owner or operator shall assume
environmental protection responsibilities in accordance with the law; properly handle and
dispose of the remaining hazardous waste in the storage facility before decommissioning; and
clean up the storage facility to eliminate pollution; and shall also assume site environmental
risk prevention and control responsibilities in accordance with relevant laws and regulations on
soil pollution prevention and control.
4.9 Hazardous wastes that are explosive, flammable and emit toxic gases at normal temperature
and pressure shall be pre-treated to stabilize them before storage; otherwise, they shall be stored
as explosive and flammable hazardous goods.
4.10 In addition to meeting relevant requirements for environmental protection, the storage of
hazardous wastes shall also comply with relevant requirements of national laws, regulations
and standards on production safety, occupational health, transportation, fire protection, etc.
5 Site Selection Requirements for Storage Facilities
5.1 The site selection of storage facilities shall meet the requirements of ecological and
environmental protection laws and regulations, planning and the "three lines and one list"
ecological and environmental zoning control; and construction projects shall undergo
environmental impact assessment in accordance with the law.
5.2 Centralized storage facilities shall not be located in ecological protection red line areas,
permanent basic farmland and other areas that require special protection; and shall not be built
in karst areas or areas susceptible to severe natural disasters such as floods, landslides,
mudslides, tides, etc.
5.3 Storage facilities shall not be located in rivers, lakes, canals, channels, reservoirs and
beaches and slopes below their highest water level, as well as other places where the storage of
hazardous wastes is prohibited by laws and regulations.
5.4 The location of the storage facility site and its distance from surrounding environmentally
sensitive targets shall be determined based on the environmental impact assessment documents.
6 Pollution Control Requirements for Storage Facilities
6.1 General provisions
6.1.1 Storage facilities shall take necessary wind, sun, rain, leak, seepage, corrosion resistant
and other environmental pollution prevention measures according to the form, physicochemical
properties, packaging form and migration pathway of hazardous wastes; and hazardous wastes
shall not be piled in the open air.
6.1.2 Storage facilities shall set up necessary storage subareas according to the type, quantity,
form, physicochemical properties and pollution prevention requirements of hazardous wastes
to avoid contact and mixing of incompatible hazardous wastes.
6.1.3 The ground, wall skirts, cofferdams for blocking leakage, partitions and walls in contact
with hazardous wastes in storage facilities or storage subareas shall be built with solid materials
and have no cracks on the surface.
6.1.4 The ground and skirts of storage facilities shall take surface anti-seepage measures. The
surface anti-seepage materials shall be compatible with the materials or pollutants in contact;
and can use impermeable concrete, high-density polyethylene membrane, sodium-based
6.3.3 The storage site shall take measures to prevent the dispersion and loss of hazardous wastes.
6.4 Storage pool
6.4.1 The anti-seepage layer of the storage pool shall cover the entire pool body; and the
foundation anti-seepage shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of 6.1.4.
6.4.2 The storage pool shall take measures to prevent the entry of rainwater, surface runoff, etc.,
to ensure that the local rainstorm with a recurrence period of no less than 25 years can be
prevented from flowing into the storage pool.
6.4.3 The storage tank shall take measures to reduce the fugitive emission of air pollutants.
6.5 Storage tank farm
6.5.1 The tank body in the storage tank farm shall be set in the cofferdam; and the anti-seepage
and anti-corrosion performance of the cofferdam shall meet the requirements of 6.1.4 and 6.1.5.
6.5.2 The volume of the cofferdam in the storage tank farm shall at least meet the hazardous
waste collection volume requirements when the largest storage tank inside it leaks accidentally.
6.5.3 The waste liquid, wastewater and initial rainwater collected in the cofferdam of the storage
tank farm shall be treated in time and shall not be discharged directly.
7 Pollution Control Requirements for Container and
Packaging
7.1 The materials and linings of containers and packaging shall be compatible with the
contained hazardous wastes.
7.2 For hazardous wastes of different types, forms, and physicochemical properties, their
containers and packaging shall meet the corresponding requirements of anti-seepage, anti-
leakage, anti-corrosion and strength.
7.3 Rigid containers and packaging and their supporting structures shall not be significantly
deformed when stacked; and there shall be no damage or leakage.
7.4 Flexible containers and packaging shall be tightly sealed when stacked; and there shall be
no damage or leakage.
7.5 When using containers to hold liquid or semi-solid hazardous wastes, appropriate space
shall be left inside the container to accommodate contraction and expansion that may be caused
by temperature changes, etc., to prevent leakage or permanent deformation of the container.
7.6 The outer surface of containers and packaging shall be kept clean.
8.2.6 The owner or operator of a storage facility shall establish a soil and groundwater pollution
risk inspection system in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state on soil and
groundwater pollution prevention and control, and in combination with the characteristics of
the storage facility; and conduct regular risk inspections. If a risk is found, timely measures
shall be taken to eliminate the risk and establish a file.
8.2.7 The owner or operator of a storage facility shall establish a complete file of the storage
facility, including design, construction, acceptance, operation, monitoring and environmental
emergency response, etc.; and shall organize and archive it in accordance with the relevant laws
and regulations on archive management of the state.
8.3 Environmental management requirements for storage spots
8.3.1 Storage spots shall have fixed regional boundaries and shall take measures to isolate them
from other areas.
8.3.2 Storage spots shall take measures to resist wind, rain, sun; and prevent the loss and
dispersion of hazardous waste.
8.3.3 Hazardous waste stored at storage spots shall be placed in containers or packaging and
shall not be directly piled up.
8.3.4 Storage spots shall take pollution prevention measures such as anti-seepage and anti-
leakage or use devices with corresponding functions based on the form, physicochemical
properties, and packaging form of hazardous waste.
8.3.5 Storage spots shall promptly remove stored hazardous waste; and the actual storage
volume shall not exceed 3 tons.
9 Emission Control Requirements for Pollutant
9.1 Wastewater generated by storage facilities (including cleaning wastewater from storage
facilities, operating equipment, vehicles, etc.; rainwater accumulated in storage tank areas;
storage accident wastewater, etc.) shall be collected and treated; and wastewater discharge shall
meet the requirements of GB 8978.
9.2 The emission of waste gas (including fugitive waste gas) generated by storage facilities
should meet the requirements of GB 16297 and GB 37822.
9.3 The emission of odorous gases generated by storage facilities shall meet the requirements
of GB 14554.
9.4 Solid waste generated and cleaned from storage facilities should be properly handled in
accordance with the requirements for solid waste classification management.
9.5 The environmental noise emitted by storage facilities shall meet the requirements of GB
12348.
10 Environmental Monitoring Requirements
10.1 Environmental monitoring of storage facilities should be included in the environmental
monitoring plan of the main facilities.
10.2 The owner or operator of the storage facility shall formulate a monitoring plan in
accordance with relevant laws such as the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law, Water
Pollution Prevention and Control Law, Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Law, and
administrative regulations such as Regulation on the Administration of Permitting of Pollutant
Discharges, and HJ 819, HJ 1250, etc.; conduct self-monitoring of the pollutant discharge status
of the storage facility; preserve the original monitoring records; and publish the monitoring
results.
10.3 The monitoring methods and indicators of wastewater pollutant discharge from storage
facilities shall meet the requirements of relevant national standards.
10.4 The layout of groundwater environmental monitoring points for storage facilities of key
hazardous waste environmental supervision organizations specified in HJ 1259 shall meet the
requirem...