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FZ/T 30003-2024: Textiles - Quantitative analysis of bast fibres and cotton blended - Light microscopy method
FZ/T 30003-2024
FZ
TEXTILE INDUSTRY STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 59.080.01
CCS W 30
Replacing FZ/T 30003-2009
Textiles - Quantitative analysis of bast fibers and cotton
blended - Light microscopy method
ISSUED ON: JULY 05, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 01, 2026
Issued by: Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of PRC
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 Principle ... 5
5 Reagents ... 5
6 Instruments and equipment ... 6
7 Test steps ... 6
8 Calculation ... 10
9 Expression of test results ... 12
10 Test report ... 12
Appendix A (Informative) Coloring of specimen ... 13
Appendix B (Informative) Morphological characteristics of cotton, ramie, flax, hemp
and Loupe fibers ... 14
Appendix C (Informative) Description of the calculation method of the converted
number of fibers ... 16
Appendix D (Informative) Fiber reference diameter ... 17
Appendix E (Normative) Fiber density of cotton, ramie, flax, hemp, loupe ... 18
Foreword
This document was drafted in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020
"Directives for standardization - Part 1: Rules for the structure and drafting of
standardizing documents".
This document replaces FZ/T 30003-2009 "Method for quantitative analysis of ramie
(flax hemp)cotton blended textile - Micro projection"; compared with FZ/T 30003-2009,
in addition to structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main changes are as
follows:
- CHANGE the standard name into "Textiles - Quantitative analysis of bast fibers
and cotton blended - Light microscopy method";
- CHANGE the "Digital image analyzer" into "Digital fiber analyzer"; ADD the
hemp fiber to the scope of application (see Chapter 1);
- DELETE GB/T 6529 "Textiles - Standard atmospheres for conditioning and
testing" (see Chapter 2 of the 2009 edition);
- ADD the "Terms and definitions" (see Chapter 3);
- DELETE the "RM fiber colorant"; ADD the "transparent colorless nail polish",
"sodium hypochlorite", "N,N-dimethylformamide" (see Chapter 5);
- CHANGE the sampling method for "loose fibers", changing the fabrics into two
parts: "Woven fabrics" and "Knitted fabrics" (see 7.1.2);
- MOVE the "Specimen coloring" into Appendix A, changing the dye into zinc
chloride-iodine dye; adding the test steps of "De-sizing" and "Fading" (see 7.2);
- ADD the "Number of slides to be made" (see 7.3.1);
- DIVIDE the "Measurement" in "Test steps" into two measurement methods:
"Method A: Measurement with a micro projector" (see 7.4.1) and "Method B:
Measurement with a digital fiber analyzer" (see 7.4.2), adding the conditions that
shall be excluded when measuring the diameter (see 7.4.1.2);
- ADD the "Calibration magnification" (see 7.4.1.1) and "Calibration system scale"
(see 7.4.2.1);
- ADD the calculation formula for apocynum fiber (see Chapter 8);
- CHANGE the numerical rounding of test results (see Chapter 9);
- ADD the content to be included in the test report (see Chapter 10);
Textiles - Quantitative analysis of bast fibers and cotton
blended - Light microscopy method
1 Scope
This document describes the test method for quantitative analysis of hemp-cotton
blended products using an light microscope (including micro projector and digital fiber
analyzer).
This document is applicable to ramie-cotton, flax-cotton, hemp-cotton, hemp-cotton
blended products.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential provisions of this
document through normative references in the text. Among them, for dated references,
only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document. For undated
references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 8170 Rules of rounding off for numerical values and expression and
judgement of limiting values
FZ/T 01057.3 Test method for identification of textile fibres - Part 3: Microscopy
3 Terms and definitions
There are no terms and definitions that need to be defined in this document.
4 Principle
Both hemp and cotton fibers have unique appearance characteristics. This method uses
an optical microscope (including micro projector and digital fiber analyzer) to identify
and count a certain number of fibers; measures the fiber diameter or cross-sectional area
to calculate the mass percentage of various fibers.
5 Reagents
5.1 Distilled water or deionized water.
5.2 Collodion or colorless transparent nail polish.
5.3 Anhydrous glycerin or liquid paraffin.
5.4 Sodium hypochlorite: 1 mol/L.
5.5 N,N-dimethylformamide: Analytical pure.
6 Instruments and equipment
6.1 Optical microscope including micro projector and digital fiber analyzer.
6.1.1 Micro projector: Magnification of at least 400 times.
6.1.2 Digital fiber analyzer: It shall include microscope, camera, computer, acquisition
card, special analysis software, display. The microscope shall be able to provide at least
500 times magnification. It shall be accompanied by a micrometer scale for calibrating
the instrument magnification.
6.2 Oven: Capable of maintaining a temperature of 105 °C ± 3 °C.
6.3 Fiber slicer.
6.4 Slide (thickness is the same as the thickness of the objective micrometer glass),
cover glass, watch glass, scissors, tweezers, blade, etc.
6.5 Wedge ruler: It is printed with a scale of 500 times magnification. A movable linear
regular scale with millimeter scale can also be used.
7 Test steps
7.1 Qualitative analysis of specimen and sampling
7.1.1 Qualitative analysis
Perform according to FZ/T 01057.3.
7.1.2 Sampling
7.1.2.1 Loose fibers
Uniformly and randomly extract about 10 g of fiber from the laboratory sample; lay the
test sample flat on the test bench; use tweezers to randomly extract about 0.5 g of fiber
from different parts of the front and back sides (no less than 10 points on each side);
mix them thoroughly and divide them into three parts as evenly as possible. Slightly
arrange the fiber bundles so that the fibers are basically parallel.
7.3.2 Preparation of longitudinal section slide specimens
Use a fiber slicer to cut fiber segments of about 0.2 mm ~ 0.4 mm in length from the
middle of the fiber bundle. Each fiber bundle shall be cut only once and shall not be cut
repeatedly. Place all the fiber segments on a watch glass; drop an appropriate amount
of liquid paraffin or glycerin; stir with tweezers to evenly distribute them in the medium.
Then take an appropriate amount of specimen and place it on the slide; spread it evenly;
cover it with a cover glass to fix the sample; be careful not to let the fibers flow out of
the slide to avoid fiber loss. For ease of detection, the specimen can be made using one
slide and two cover glasses. At least 500 fibers shall be detected under one cover glass.
Other specimen preparation methods that can meet the requirement of not less than
1000 fibers can also be used.
7.3.3 Preparation of cross-sectional slide specimens
Put the specimen into a fiber slicer; flatten the cross section of the specimen; fine-tune
and push out the specimen; apply collodion or nail polish; wait for it to solidify; evenly
cut a 20 μm ~ 30 μm thick fiber cross-sectional slice; move the slice onto a slide with
liquid paraffin or glycerol; cover it with a cover glass for measuring the fiber cross
section.
7.4 Measurement
7.4.1 Method A: Determination with a micro projector
7.4.1.1 Calibrate the magnification
Select an objective lens with an appropriate magnification; place a micrometer scale
with a graduation of 0.01 mm on the stage; the 20 graduations (0.20 mm) of the
micrometer scale projected on the screen shall be accurately magnified to 100 mm, at
which time the magnification is 500 times.
7.4.1.2 Determination of fiber diameter
After calibrating the micro projector, place the glass slide specimen prepared in 7.3.2
on the stage so that the measured fibers are all within the projection circle. Adjust the
micro projector fine-tuning, so that the edge of the fiber image is projected onto the
wedge ruler like a thin line; measure the projection width in the middle of the fiber
length as the diameter. After the measurement, calculate the average diameter of each
fiber in μm. If the measurement accuracy requirement is not too high, the reference
diameter in Appendix D can be used. More than 200 fibers of each type shall be
measured; the following situations shall be excluded during measurement:
1) Fibers with more than half of their length outside the field of view;
2) Fibers whose ends are outside the width range of the transparent scale;
3) Fibers that intersect with another fiber at the measurement point;
4) Severely damaged or deformed fibers.
7.4.1.3 Counting of fiber numbers
Observe the various types of fibers that enter the field of view; identify their types based
on the morphological and structural characteristics of the fibers (see Appendix B). Start
counting from the top or bottom corner close to the field of view. When the slide moves
slowly across the field of view in the horizontal direction, identify and count all the
fibers that pass through the field of view. After each stroke across the field of view,
move the slide vertically by 1 mm ~ 2 mm and then slowly move it horizontally across
the field of view to identify and count the fibers. Repeat this operation procedure, until
all slides are viewed. The total number of counts shall be more than 1000. If the number
of fibers on the slide exceeds 1000, it cannot be interrupted and the counting must be
completed within the entire range of the slide; if there are less than 1000 fibers within
the entire range of the slide, another counting slide must be made to calculate the
converted number of fibers for each fiber in the two groups (see Appendix C). The
difference in the converted number of fibers for each fiber in the two tests shall not
exceed 10.
7.4.1.4 Determination of fiber cross section
Place the glass slide specimen prepared in 7.3.3 on the stage of the micro projector;
calibrate the micro projector according to 7.4.1; use tracing paper to measure the cross-
sectional area of each fiber. If there are less than 100 fibers of each type on a glass slide,
prepare another glass slide until there are more than 100 fibers of each type. Calculate
the cross-sectional area of each fiber in mm2.
7.4.2 Method B: Determination by digital fiber analyzer
7.4.2.1 Calibrate the system scale
Select an objective lens of appropriate magnification; place a micrometer scale with a
graduation of 0.01 mm on the stage; calibrate the system scale according to the digital
fiber analyzer operation manual; form a scale file.
Note: The scale file shall match the objective lens when used.
7.4.2.2 Determination of fiber diameter
Place the glass slide specimen prepared in 7.3.2 on the stage; turn on the fiber analysis
software; observe various types of fibers in the screen view; measure and record the
fiber diameter when the focused fiber shows a clear edge. The test results are
automatically calculated by the fiber analysis software and form a test report.
7.4.2.3 Counting the number of fibers