QC/T 1153-2021 English PDF (QCT1153-2021)

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QC/T 1153-2021: Bolt tension test procedure for automotive threaded joints - Ultrasonic piezoelectric ceramics method
QC/T 1153-2021
AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.040
CCS T 30
Bolt tension test procedure for automotive threaded joints -
Ultrasonic piezoelectric ceramics method
ISSUED ON: AUGUST 21, 2021
IMPLEMENTED ON: FEBRUARY 01, 2022
Issued by: Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of PRC
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 5 
1 Scope ... 6 
2 Normative references ... 6 
3 Terms and definitions... 6 
4 Test preparation ... 7 
5 Test method ... 10 
6 Data processing ... 11 
7 Test report ... 12 
Bolt tension test procedure for automotive threaded joints -
Ultrasonic piezoelectric ceramics method
1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements for test preparation, test methods, data
processing, test reports, for the ultrasonic piezoelectric ceramics method of bolt tension
test procedure for automotive threaded joints.
This document applies to M6 ~ M27 bolts.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential provisions of this
document through normative references in the text. Among them, for dated references,
only the version corresponding to the date applies to this document; for undated
references, the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 16823.2-1997 General rules of tightening for threaded fasteners
GB/T 16823.3-2010 Fasteners - Torque/clamp force testing
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions, which are defined in GB/T 16823.2-1997, as well as the
following terms and definitions, apply to this document.
3.1
Bolted joint
An assembly, which is composed of threaded fasteners and connected parts.
[Source: GB/T 16823.2-1997, 3.1]
3.2
Yield clamping force
The axial force, at which the bolt reaches yield, when tightened.
[Source: GB/T 16823.2-1997, 3.1]
3.3
Yield tightening torque
The torque, at which the yield clamping force is reached, when tightening.
[Source: GB/T 16823.2-1997, 3.1]
3.4
Ultimate clamping force
Maximum axial force, during tightening to bolt breakage.
[Source: GB/T 16823.2-1997, 3.1]
4 Test preparation
4.1 Requirements of test devices
4.1.1 Torque angle sensor
The allowable error of torque measurement shall be ±2%; the allowable error of angle
measurement shall be ±1°.
4.1.2 Axial force sensor
The allowable error of the axial force sensor measurement shall be ±1%.
4.1.3 Ultrasonic measuring device
The data collection frequency shall not be lower than 1000 Hz; the signal is sensitive;
the display resolution can distinguish the echo time difference of 0.l ns. The measuring
device shall contain a temperature compensation interface.
4.1.4 Piezoelectric ceramic sheet
The natural frequency of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet shall be between 2 MHz ~ 10
MHz.
4.1.5 Calibration pad
The calibration pad is used to adjust the clamping length during calibration; its rigidity
shall comply with the provisions of 6.2 in GB/T 16823.3-2010.
4.2 Test samples
5.1.6 If there are no special requirements, the tightening tool shall be set, according to
the actual assembly parameters. The torque-axial force-angle curve shall be recorded,
after tightening.
5.1.7 It shall repeat the steps 5.1.1 to 5.1.6, to complete the test of all samples.
5.2 Residual axial force test of bolt
5.2.1 The number and state of the test samples shall be checked. If the temperature
changes, after the connection point is verified, by dynamic load, THEN, it shall be
allowed to stand for a long enough time, to ensure that it returns to the ambient
temperature.
5.2.2 An ultrasonic test device shall be set up, to test the residual axial force of the bolt
AND compensate for the temperature difference, between the bolt test and the
environment when the echo is zero.
5.2.3 If the bolt is tightened, in the elastic region, by the torque method, it shall directly
test the time difference of the current bolt echo; compare with the calibration curve
when the bolt is tightened, to directly read the residual axial force.
5.2.4 If the bolt is tightened to the yield area, by the torque-angle method, the bolt shall
be loosened, based on the current ultrasonic propagation time of the bolt, as the zero
reference, to test the ultrasonic propagation time difference of the bolt, after loosening;
take the absolute value. Then calibrate the bolt on the axial force sensor, to generate the
calibration curve of the yielded bolt. Directly compare the residual axial force of the
bolt, on the calibration curve, through the absolute value of the time difference.
6 Data processing
6.1 Test curve processing: For the convenience of data analysis, the torque-axial force-
angle curve, which is recorded after the test, can be combined on one graph, AND
aligned to the target torque or the torque at the starting point of the rotation angle, as
shown in Figure 4.
6.2 The statistics of test data can be processed, according to the format of Table 2.