NB/T 47013.3-2023 English PDF (NB/T47013.3-2023)

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NB/T 47013.3-2023: Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 3: Ultrasonic testing
NB/T 47013.3-2023
NB
ENERGY INDUSTRY STANDARD OF
THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.040.20
CCS H 26
Replacing NB/T 47013.3-2015
Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 3:
Ultrasonic testing
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 28, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: JUNE 28, 2024
Issued by: National Energy Administration
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 6
1 Scope ... 8
2 Normative references ... 8
3 Terms and definitions ... 9
4 General requirements ... 11
5 Ultrasonic testing methods and quality rating of raw materials or parts for pressure
equipment ... 21
6 Ultrasonic testing method and quality rating for welded joints of pressure equipment
... 51
7 Ultrasonic testing method for thickness of pressure equipment ... 76
8 Ultrasonic testing methods for pressure equipment in use ... 84
9 Ultrasonic testing records and reports ... 93
Appendix A (Normative) Electrical performance index requirements for ultrasonic
detectors ... 95
Appendix B (Normative) Performance index requirements for ultrasonic detection
probes ... 98
Appendix C (Normative) Performance requirements of dual chip straight probes .. 100
Appendix D (Normative) Testing method and acceptance criteria for plates for pressure
equipment by ultrasonic oblique probe ... 102
Appendix E (Normative) Ultrasonic oblique probe testing method and quality rating of
carbon steel and low alloy steel annular and cylindrical forgings for pressure equipment
... 105
Appendix F (Normative) Ultrasonic oblique probe testing method for austenitic
stainless steel ring and cylindrical forgings for pressure equipment ... 111
Appendix G (Normative) Ultrasonic testing methods and quality rating of weld overlays
for pressure equipment ... 114
Appendix H (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method and quality rating for butt joints of
aluminum, aluminum alloy, titanium pressure equipment ... 119
Appendix I (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method and quality rating of austenitic
stainless steel and nickel-based alloy welded joints of pressure equipment ... 122
Appendix J (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method for curved longitudinal butt joints
of pressure equipment ... 142
Appendix K (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method for curved circumferential butt
joints of pressure equipment ... 146
Appendix L (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method for fillet joints between tubes and
cylinders (or heads) of pressure equipment ... 149
Appendix M (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method for T-shaped welded joints of
pressure equipment ... 154
Appendix N (Normative) Specific requirements for ultrasonic testing of different types
of welded joints ... 156
Appendix O (Normative) CSK-IIIA test block ... 167
Appendix P (Normative) Determination of transmission loss difference of acoustic
energy ... 168
Appendix Q (Normative) Echo dynamic waveform mode ... 172
Appendix R (Normative) Defect height measurement method (I): Determination of
defect height by end-point diffraction wave method ... 175
Appendix S (Normative) Defect height measurement method (II): Defect height
determination by end maximum echo method ... 180
Appendix T (Normative) Defect height measurement method (III): -6 dB method for
measuring defect height ... 183
Appendix U (Informative) Ultrasonic testing methods for pressure equipment using
imaging technology ... 186
Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 3:
Ultrasonic testing
1 Scope
1.1 This document specifies the method and quality rating requirements for ultrasonic
testing of pressure equipment, using the A-type pulse reflection method.
1.2 This document is applicable to the ultrasonic testing of raw materials, parts, welded
joints made of metal materials, during the production and use of pressure equipment.
1.3 The ultrasonic testing of metal support parts and structural parts (including welded
joints) related to pressure equipment can be carried out, in accordance with the
provisions of this document.
1.4 When ultrasonic imaging technology combining A-type display and other display
methods is used for testing, it can also be carried out in accordance with the provisions
of this document.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential provisions of this
document through normative references in the text. Among them, for referenced
documents with dates, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this
document; for referenced documents without dates, the latest version (including all
amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 699 Quality carbon structural steels
GB/T 11259 Non-destructive testing - Practice for fabrication and control of steel
reference blocks used in ultrasonic testing
GB/T 12604.1 Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Ultrasonic testing
GB/T 27664.1 Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of
ultrasonic test equipment - Part 1: Instruments
GB/T 27664.2 Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of
ultrasonic test equipment - Part 2: Probes
GB/T 29460 Safety evaluation for electrofusion joint of polyethylene tubes
containing defects
GB/T 30579 Damage modes identification for pressure equipments
JB/T 8428 Non-destructive testing - General specification for ultrasonic blocks
JB/T 9214 Non-destructive testing - Test methods for evaluating performance
4 General requirements
4.1 Testing personnel
4.1.1 The general requirements for ultrasonic testing personnel shall comply with the
provisions of NB/T 47013.1.
4.1.2 In addition to understanding and mastering basic ultrasonic theory and necessary
practical experience, ultrasonic testing personnel shall also have certain basic
knowledge of metal materials, equipment manufacturing and installation, welding and
heat treatment; be familiar with the material, manufacturing process and acoustic
characteristics of the workpiece to be tested; be able to analyze, judge, deal with
problems encountered during testing.
4.2 Testing equipment and instruments
4.2.1 Product quality certificate of ultrasonic testing instrument (hereinafter
referred to as "instrument") and probe
The instrument product quality certificate shall at least give the main performance
parameters, such as preheating time, low voltage alarm voltage or low voltage
automatic shutdown voltage, transmission pulse repetition frequency, effective output
impedance, transmission pulse voltage, transmission pulse rise time, transmission pulse
width (when square wave pulse is used as transmission pulse), receiving circuit band.
The probe quality certificate shall give the main parameters, such as center frequency,
bandwidth, electrical impedance or static capacitance, relative pulse echo sensitivity,
oblique probe sound beam performance (including probe incident point or front edge,
probe refraction angle β or K value, etc.).
4.2.2 Instrument, probe and combination performance
4.2.2.1 Instrument
A-type pulse reflection ultrasonic detector is used. Its operating frequency shall at least
include the frequency range of 0.5 MHz ~ 10 MHz according to -3 dB measurement.
The performance indicators of the instrument shall meet the requirements of Appendix
A. It shall provide certification documents issued by a third-party laboratory accredited
by ISO/IEC 17025, according to the specifications and models.
4.2.2.2 Probe
The diameter of the circular chip shall generally be less than or equal to 40 mm. The
length of any side of the square chip shall generally not exceed 40 mm. The
performance indicators of the probe shall meet the requirements of Appendix B. It shall
provide certification documents issued by a third-party laboratory accredited by
ISO/IEC 17025, according to the specifications and models.
4.2.2.3 Combination performance of instrument and probe
4.2.2.3.1 The combination performance of the instrument and probe includes horizontal
linearity, vertical linearity, combined frequency, sensitivity margin, blind area (only for
roughness of DZ-I test blocks and DB-P Z20-2 test blocks shall comply with the
provisions of JB/T 9214.
4.2.3.1.3 The manufacturing and dimensional accuracy of standard test blocks shall
comply with the provisions of JB/T 8428. The test block manufacturer shall provide
product quality certificates and ensure that, when each standard test block manufactured
by it is compared with the same reflector (surface) on the national standard sample or
similar standard test block with value transfer benchmark under the same test conditions,
the maximum reflection amplitude difference shall be less than or equal to 2 dB.
4.2.3.2 Comparison test block
4.2.3.2.1 The comparison test block shall be a test block, which has similar acoustic
properties to the test block or the material under test, containing a reference reflector
with clear meaning, used to adjust the amplitude and (or) time base of the ultrasonic
detector, to compare the detected discontinuous signal (i.e., defect signal) with the
signal generated by the reference reflector.
4.2.3.2.2 When a straight probe is used for detection, the raw materials used for the
comparison test block shall not contain defects which are greater than or equal to the
equivalent of a φ2 mm flat-bottom hole.
4.2.3.2.3 The shape, size, quantity of the reference reflectors of the comparison test
blocks used for ultrasonic testing of different workpieces under test shall comply with
the provisions of the relevant chapters and appendixes of this document.
4.2.3.2.4 The dimensional tolerance of the comparison test block shall be made in
accordance with the provisions of this document, where there are clear requirements in
this document; it shall be made in accordance with the provisions of JB/T 8428 where
there are no clear requirements.
4.2.3.2.5 The comparison test blocks are divided into general comparison test blocks
and special comparison test blocks
4.2.3.2.5.1 General comparison test blocks
a) The geometric shape, size, reference reflector setting of the general comparison
test blocks shall be in accordance with the drawings of each chapter of this
document; its dimensional accuracy shall meet the requirements of JB/T 8428.
b) The material for making the general comparison test blocks shall be 20# high-
quality carbon structural steel, which is smelted in an electric furnace or open
hearth; the chemical composition shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 699.
After forging and forming, it shall be normalized to ensure that the material is
uniform and there is no acoustic anisotropy. The grain size is 7 ~ 8. When using
a straight probe for detection, there shall be no defects greater than or equal to the
φ2 mm flat bottom hole equivalent.
4.2.3.2.5.2 Special comparison test block
a) The acoustic properties of the material of the special comparison test block and
the workpiece under test (the sound velocity deviation rate between the two shall
not exceed ±1%; the difference in the attenuation coefficient tested with a 5 MHz
probe shall not exceed ±2 dB/m) and the manufacturing process are the same or
similar.
b) The geometric dimensions of the special comparison test block shall represent the
characteristics of the workpiece under test to a certain extent; the thickness of the
test block shall correspond to the thickness of the workpiece under test. If the
testing involves the detection of butt joints of different workpiece thicknesses, the
thickness of the test block shall be determined by the workpiece with larger
thickness.
c) If used for process verification as specified in 4.3.3, the type, size, location,
orientation of defects that may exist in the workpiece under test shall also be
considered and corresponding reference reflectors shall be set.
4.2.3.2.5.3 General principles for the selection of comparison test blocks
a) For raw materials, parts or welded joints made of carbon steel and low alloy steel,
general comparison test blocks can be used;
b) For raw materials, parts or welded joints made of medium alloy steel and high
alloy steel, special comparison test blocks shall be used;
c) For differences in test results caused by different test block types, the special
comparison test blocks shall prevail.
4.2.3.3 Simulation test blocks
4.2.3.3.1 Simulation test blocks refer to test blocks with simulated defects, which are
mainly used for verification of testing process.
4.2.3.3.2 The material and acoustic properties of the simulation test block shall be the
same or similar to those of the workpiece to be tested (the sound velocity deviation rate
shall not be greater than 1%; the attenuation coefficient deviation tested with a 5 MHz
probe shall not be greater than 2 dB/m). When a straight probe is used to test the raw
materials used for the test block, there shall be no defects greater than or equal to the
equivalent of a φ2 mm flat bottom hole.
4.2.3.3.3 The geometry, thickness, surface condition of the simulated test block shall be
the same or similar to those of the tested workpiece.
4.2.3.3.4 For welded joints, the simulated defects shall be prepared by the same welding
method as the tested workpiece or by using the real defects found in previous testing;
for non-welded joints, the simulated defects shall have similar morphology and acoustic
characteristics to the real defects.
4.2.3.3.5 The type, position, size, quantity of simulated defects shall be set in
consideration of the defect state that may exist in the tested workpiece. For welded
joints, at least longitudinal and transverse defects, volumetric and area defects, surface
and buried defects shall be included. The defect length shall generally not exceed the
maximum allowable defect size of the same workpiece thickness specified by the
corresponding pressure equipment qualified quality grade; it may be composed of one
on signal display of ultrasonic testing equipment and instruments are normal.
4.2.5.4.2 When using an oblique probe, the probe incident point (front edge) and probe
refraction angle (K value) shall be measured befo...