GB 16798-2023 English PDF

Delivery: 2 working-hours manually (Sales@ChineseStandard.net)
Need delivered in 3-second? USA-Site: GB 16798-2023
Get Quotation: Click GB 16798-2023 (Self-service in 1-minute)
Historical versions (Master-website): GB 16798-2023
Preview True-PDF (Reload/Scroll-down if blank)

GB 16798-2023: Food machinery safety requirements
GB 16798-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE?€?S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 67.260
CCS X 90
Replacing GB 16798-1997
Food machinery safety requirements
ISSUED ON: SEPTEMBER 08, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: APRIL 01, 2024
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
National Standardization Administration.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
Introduction ... 4
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 6
4 Structural material requirements ... 8
5 Equipment structure ... 13
6 Equipment configuration and installation ... 20
7 Implementation of standards ... 21
Food machinery safety requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies the structural material requirements, equipment structure,
equipment configuration and installation related to food machinery safety, as well as
the implementation of standards.
This document applies to machines and equipment used in food processing.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential provisions of this
document through normative references in the text. Among them, for dated reference
documents, only the version corresponding to the date applies to this document; for
undated reference documents, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to
this document.
GB/T 150 (all parts) Pressure vessels
GB/T 1173-2013 Casting aluminum alloy
GB 2894 Safety signs and guideline for the use
GB/T 3190 Chemical composition of wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys
GB/T 3280 Cold rolled stainless steel plate, sheet and strip
GB/T 3766 Hydraulic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for
systems and their components
GB 4053 (all parts) Safety requirements for fixed steel ladders and platform
GB/T 4237 Hot rolled stainless steel plate, sheet and strip
GB 5083 General rules for designing the production facilities in accordance with
safety and health requirements
GB/T 5226.1 Electrical safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines -
Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 7932 Pneumatic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for
systems and their components
GB/T 14253 General specification for light industry machinery
GB/T 14295-2019 Air filter
GB/T 20878 Stainless and heat-resisting steels - Designation and chemical
composition
GB/T 24511 Stainless steel and heat resisting steel plate, sheet and strip for pressure
equipment
JB/T 7277 Specification of operating handle, handwheel and knob
QB/T 2003 Stainless steel seam welded pipe fitting for food industry
QB/T 2004 Stainless steel clamp sleeve with washer for food industry
QB/T 2467 Stainless steel tubes for the food industry
QB/T 2468 Stainless steel threaded couplings for the food industry
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Food machinery
Machinery and equipment used in food processing processes.
3.2
Product
Raw materials and auxiliary materials, as well as semi-finished products and
finished products in food processing.
3.3
Working air
Clean air used for product heating, cooling, drying, transportation, purging,
inspection equipment sealing.
3.4
Area of product
4.1.1 Product contact surface materials shall meet product compatibility requirements.
Structural materials shall also meet the requirements of corresponding usage conditions
(such as product characteristics, temperature, pressure, medium characteristics, etc.).
4.1.2 Product contact surface materials shall be safe and traceable; it shall not affect the
nature, purity, or quality of the product.
4.1.3 The contact between materials and products shall not produce substances, that are
harmful or exceed the amount specified in the standards of the processed products, due
to interaction.
4.1.4 Food machinery manufacturer shall inspect and accept materials and products.
Information on purchased products shall comply with product labeling requirements
and compatibility requirements.
4.1.5 When selecting materials, other risks that may endanger product safety that may
exist under different use conditions shall be avoided, including but not limited to the
following conditions: low temperature, ultraviolet radiation, microwaves,
electromagnetic waves, ??-radiation, ozone, etc.
4.2 Usage performance requirements
4.2.1 The contact between materials and products shall not cause the interaction to
produce substances that pollute the product, affect the smell, color, quality of the
product, or have adverse effects on the product processing process.
4.2.2 The material shall have the properties of heat resistance, chemical resistance,
mechanical resistance.
4.2.3 When products, detergents, disinfectants come into contact with materials, the
types and amounts of compounds formed on the surface of the materials or deep inside
them shall not cause adverse consequences, that require additional processing of the
equipment to remove these compounds.
4.2.4 The color of materials shall not present difficulties in assessing product quality or
degree of contamination.
4.2.5 In order to adapt to different uses, materials used for parts with product contact
surfaces shall have good processing performance (such as bendability, cutting ability,
weldability, surface hardness, grindability, polishing, etc.), good thermal conductivity,
corrosion resistance, resistance to liquid penetration, etc.
4.3 Structural material requirements for product contact surfaces
4.3.1 Stainless steel
Stainless steel materials on product contact surfaces shall meet product compatibility
requirements.
The designation and chemical composition of stainless steel materials shall comply with
the requirements of GB/T 20878. Stainless steel cold-rolled plates shall comply with
the requirements of GB/T 3280; stainless steel hot-rolled plates shall comply with the
requirements of GB/T4237; stainless steel plate materials for pressure-bearing
equipment shall comply with the requirements of GB/T 24511. Stainless steel pipes and
accessories for the food industry shall comply with the relevant requirements of QB/T
2467 and QB/T 2468.
Stainless steel materials shall be easy to process, non-toxic, non-absorbent, highly
corrosion-resistant, insoluble in food solutions, not produce metal ions that would
damage the flavor of the product, have good resistance to liquid penetration, the surface
can be polished, the appearance is bright, beautiful, easy to clean.
Note 1: For general purposes, austenitic stainless steel materials are used; the material
designations are 06Cr19Ni10 (S30408), 022Cr19Ni10 (S30403), 06Cr17Ni12Mo2 (S31608),
022Cr17Ni12Mo2 (S31603). When the usage requirements are harsh, the designation used is
06Cr19Ni13Mo3 (S31708) and 022Cr19Ni13Mo3 (S31703) austenitic stainless steel materials.
When necessary, in order to avoid stress corrosion cracking due to the presence of chloride ions,
choose 022Cr23Ni5Mo3N (S22053) austenitic-ferrite type materials (such as the conditions for
long-term storage of salt solutions ).
Note 2: When martensitic stainless steel is used for special parts on product contact surfaces,
such as blades, shaft parts, etc., the material designations used are 1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13, etc.
4.3.2 Aluminum and aluminum alloys
Aluminum and aluminum alloy materials on product contact surfaces shall meet
product compatibility requirements.
Aluminum and aluminum alloys shall have certain corrosion resistance, be non-toxic
and non-absorbent, be used for parts with complex shapes and product contact surfaces.
Aluminum alloy materials for casting shall comply with the provisions of 4.1.8 in GB/T
1173-2013. Aluminum and aluminum alloy materials produced by pressure processing
methods shall comply with the requirements of GB/T 3190.
4.3.3 Welding materials
The welding materials shall have properties similar to those of the materials being
welded, form a tight and solid structure in the welding area, be non-toxic and corrosion-
resistant.
4.3.4 Plastics
4.3.4.1 Plastic materials and products
4.4.2 Fiber materials
Paper and paperboard materials and products shall meet product compatibility
requirements.
Natural protein fiber materials and products shall meet product compatibility
requirements.
Other fiber materials such as cotton fiber, wood fiber, linen and man-made fiber shall
meet product compatibility requirements.
Fiber materials shall be non-toxic, non-shedding, insoluble in water, not interact with
the product; they shall not affect the smell of the product. Fiber materials are commonly
used as filter materials, screen materials, and elastic connection materials.
Note: Man-made fibers are materials made from natural plant fibers that have been chemically
or physically modified.
4.4.3 Glass
Glass and products shall have high mechanical strength, thermal shock resistance,
thermal stability, and safety. It is used in sight glass and light entrances.
4.4.4 Filter media
Filter media used for product contact include cotton fiber, wood fiber, metal wire,
activated carbon, activated alumina, diatomaceous earth, semi-permeable membranes
used in the food industry, etc. Filter media can be composed of several materials at the
same time. It shall have good chemical stability under working conditions, be resistant
to chemical corrosion, temperature changes, microbial action, be easy to clean and
disinfect. It shall be non-toxic and harmless, with no shedding, toxic volatiles or other
substances that may pollute the air and products. It shall not affect the odor of the
product. The materials constituting the filter media shall comply with the corresponding
standards.
4.4.5 Bonding materials
Under working conditions, it shall be able to ensure that the bonding surface has
sufficient strength and tightness, good thermal stability; it shall be non-toxic, non-
volatile, non-solubility, non-affecting the odor of the product.
4.5 Requirements for other surface covering materials in contact with the product
The materials of other surface coverings in contact with the product (hereinafter
referred to as the covering layer) shall comply with product compatibility requirements
and corresponding national standards.
Lead, zinc and their alloys shall not be used; materials containing fiberglass shall not
be used; wood shall not be used (except for hardwood chopping boards used to divide
raw materials and special occasions for wine production). Articles with colored paint
coatings shall not be used. The cadmium, nickel, chromium, enamel, glass-lined,
foamed plastics and phenolic-based plastics shall not be used as coverings.
4.6 Material requirements for non-product contact surfaces
4.6.1 Non-product contact surfaces shall be made of corrosion-resistant materials,
which shall have good anti-absorption and anti-penetration capabilities, durability,
washability.
4.6.2 Non-product contact surfaces are allowed to be coated with corrosion-resistant
materials. If surface coated, the coating shall adhere firmly.
4.6.3 Materials on non-product contact surfaces shall not peel or fall off, causing
product contamination.
4.7 Other requirements
Asbestos materials shall not be used in any part of food machinery.
5 Equipment structure
5.1 Structural characteristics
5.1.1 The equipment structure, product delivery pipelines and connecting parts shall not
have any depressions or dead corners where product is retained.
5.1.2 Pipes in direct contact with products shall use stainless steel pipes, pipe fittings
and valves that meet cleaning requirements. Stainless steel pipes and pipe fittings shall
comply with the relevant requirements of QB/T 2467 and QB/T 2468. Pipeline control
valves shall be hygienic valve structure and easy to clean and sterilize. The piping,
branch pipes, other accessories connected to the mechanical device shall use sealing
materials that meet the conditions of use; have a structure to prevent the intrusion of
pollutants, product retention; have a structure to prevent internal leakage of the product.
5.1.3 Reliable seals shall be installed where external parts extend into the product area,
to prevent the product from being contaminated.
5.1.4 Bearings in contact with the product shall be non-lubricating (self-lubricating). If
the lubricated bearing is located in the product area, there shall be reliable sealing
devices and isolation measures around the bearing, to prevent product contamination.
5.1.5 The product area shall be isolated from the outside world. The isolation measures
shall be graded according to the requirements of the product processing stage. At least
a protective cover shall be added, to prevent foreign objects from falling in or pests
located at the bottom or side, if it adopts an inward opening structure, it shall be
designed in an oval shape to facilitate disassembly and installation.
5.2.9 For equipment equipped with ladders, passages, operating platforms, the selection
of these fixed facilities shall meet the requirements of GB 4053 (all parts).
5.2.10 The material and structure of the operating platform?€?s tabletop and ladder treads
shall have anti-slip properties. Straight ladders parallel to the tower wall and tank wall
shall be equipped with equidistant rungs. The vertical spacing between adjacent rungs
is 225 mm to 300 mm; the distance between the rungs and the tower wall and tank wall
shall not be less than 180 mm to 300 mm. For straight ladders without cages, after
installation and fixation, the vertical distance from the climbing surface formed by the
center line of the rungs to the surface of the nearest obstacle shall not be less than 760
mm.
5.2.11 A safety cage shall be installed, if the height of the straight ladder or falling height
is above 3000 mm.
5.2.12 When the fall height exceeds 500 mm, protective railings shall be installed on
all open edges of the platform, passage or working surface; the height of the guardrail
shall not be less than 1050 mm. When the height...