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GB 14622-2016: Limits and measurement methods for the emissions of pollutants from motorcycles on the running mode (CHINA stage IV)
GB 14622-2016
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE?€?S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.040.50
Z 64
Replacing GB 14622-2007 and GB 20998-2007
Partially replacing GB 14621-2011
Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions from Motorcycles
(CHINA IV)
ISSUED ON: AUGUST 22, 2016
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 1, 2018
Issued by: Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People?€?s Republic of China;
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of
the People?€?s Republic of China.
Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions from Motorcycles
(CHINA IV)
1 Application Scope
This standard specifies the limits and measurement methods for tailpipe emissions and
evaporative emissions of the motorcycle with spark-ignition engine, as well as the emission
requirements for crankcase, endurance requirements for emission-control devices and technical
requirements for on-board diagnostic (OBD) system.
This standard specifies the limits and measurement methods for tailpipe emissions of the three-
wheeled motorcycle with compression-ignition engine, as well as the endurance requirements for
emission-control devices and technical requirements for on-board diagnostic (OBD) system.
This standard specifies the type test requirements, production conformity inspection, and
judgment methods for motorcycles.
This standard is applicable to the motorcycles driven by spark-ignition engine, with maximum
design speed greater than 50km/h or displacement greater than 50ml; and the three-wheeled
motorcycles driven by compression-ignition engine, with maximum design speed greater than
50km/h or displacement greater than 50ml.
2 Normative References
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this standard. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document applies
GB/T 15089-2001 Classification of Power - Driven Vehicles and Trailers
HJ/T 289 Equipment Specifications and Quality Control Requirements for
Gasoline Vehicles in Two-Speed Idle Exhaust Emission Test
QC/T 1003 Determination of Precious Metal in Metal Support Catalytic Converter
for Motorcycles
ISO 2575: 2010 Road Vehicles - Symbols For Controls, Indicators and Tell-tales
ISO 9141-2 Road Vehicles - Diagnostic Systems - Part 2: CARB Requirements for
Interchange of Digital Information
ISO 14229-3 Road Vehicles - Unified Diagnostic Services (UDS) - Part 3: Unified
Diagnostic Services on CAN Implementation (UDSonCAN)
3.13
crankcase emissions
the gaseous pollutants exhausted to the atmosphere through the vent hole of the crankcase or the
opening of the lubrication system
3.14
evaporative emissions
the hydrocarbon compound vapor discharged from the fuel (gasoline) system of motorcycle
except that from motorcycle tailpipe, including:
diurnal breathing loss: the hydrocarbon compounds (expressed by C1H2.33 equivalent) exhausted
due to temperature change in fuel storage tank. Hot-soak loss: the hydrocarbon compounds
(expressed by C1H2.20 equivalent) exhausted from the fuel system of static motorcycle after
running for a certain duration
3.15
volume of the carbon in canister
the volume of activated carbon in the canister
3.16
weight of carbon in canister
the filling weight of activated carbon in canister
3.17
efficient loading quality of canister
the difference between the total mass of canister after adsorbing vapor and that after desorption
3.18
bed volume of canister
the design volume of activated carbon contained in canister
3.19
initial butane working capacity of canister
the efficient loading quality of unit volume of the carbon in canister after being tested for 13
times
3.20
breakthrough point
the moment when the accumulated evaporative emission amount of fuel is equivalent to 2g
3.21
non-exposed type of fuel storage tank
the fuel storage tank which is not directly exposed to sunlight except its cap
3.22
on-board diagnostic (OBD) system
the on-board diagnostic system (hereinafter referred to as "OBD system") used for emission
control, which must possess the function of distinguishing the area with potential malfunction
and storing this information in the memory of electronic control unit in the form of malfunction
code
3.23
defeat device
a kind of device that can activate, adjust, delay or stop the operation of a component or the
function of the emission control system through measuring, inducing and responding operating
parameters (such as speed, engine rotation speed, gearbox position, temperature, air inlet branch
vacuum degree and other parameters) so as to decrease the efficiency of the emission control
system under normal service conditions of the motorcycle
The following devices are not regarded as defeat devices:
(1) the device required for preventing the engine from damage or accident or for the driving
safety of motorcycle;
(2) the device only acts at the start of engine;
(3) the device acts indeed during Type I or Type IV test.
3.24
irrational emission control strategy
the measures and methods that can decrease the efficiency of the emission control system of the
motorcycle under normal service conditions to a level not complying with the emission level
required by the type test
3.25
5.1 The parts and components having an impact on tailpipe emissions, crankcase emissions and
evaporative emissions shall be such designed, manufactured and assembled as to enable the
motorcycle under normal service condition, to comply with the requirements of this standard
despite the vibration to which it may be subject.
5.2 Technical measures must be taken by the motorcycle manufacturer to ensure that the
motorcycle meets the requirements of Chapters 6 and 7. Thus, it is regarded as able to effectively
control its tailpipe emissions and evaporative emissions within the limits specified in this
standard under normal service condition and within service life.
5.3 Any of the following measures must be taken by the motorcycle manufacturer so as to avoid
excess evaporative emissions and fuel overflow due to loss of fuel storage tank cap.
(1) Adopt the automatic opening and closing fuel storage tank cap which cannot be taken
off;
(2) Avoid the excess evaporative emissions caused by loss of fuel storage tank cap from the
design structure;
(3) Other measures leading to similar effects, e.g. adopt the fastened fuel storage tank cap,
or lock the fuel storage tank cap with the key firing the motorcycle, which can only be
pulled out when the fuel storage tank cap is locked.
5.4 All motorcycles shall be equipped with OBD systems that shall be such designed,
manufactured and installed as to identify and record the malfunction types of motorcycles
throughout the service life. Without type test, any change in the technical measures taken by the
manufacturer and the OBD system equipped on motorcycle, which may affect the emissions of
motorcycle, cannot be made. The OBD system shall be equipped with a malfunction indicator
(MI) which may be perceived by the driver quickly.
5.5 The safety of electronic control system shall meet the following requirements:
(1) Unless being authorized by the manufacturer, any motorcycle adopting electronic control
unit to control the emissions shall be able to prevent being-changed. Any pluggable chip
used for storing calibration data shall be put into a sealed container or protected by
electronic algorithm; moreover, the stored data shall not be changed unless with special
tool and specific program. Only the functions directly related to the emission calibration
or those related to anti-burglary of motorcycle are required to meet such protection
requirement.
(2) The operating parameters of engine expressed by code of electronic control unit shall
not be changed unless with special tool and specific specification [e.g. the parts and
components of electronic control unit are completely welded or sealed, or the electronic
control unit box is enclosed (or sealed)].
6.2.2.2 Test of smoke intensity at free acceleration
6.2.2.2.1 All motorcycles with compression-ignition engine shall be subject to this test.
6.2.2.2.2 This test is conducted immediately after Type I test and its method shall meet the
requirements of Attachment DA.
6.2.2.2.3 The value of the measured light absorption coefficient plus 0.5m-1 is regarded as the
result of type test on exhaust smoke intensity at free acceleration of this motorcycle type.
6.2.3 Type III test ( test for crankcase emissions)
Any crankcase emission shall not be exhausted into atmosphere. Where necessary, the
manufacturer shall disclose detailed technical information and drawings to the competent
department so as to prove that the engine structure will not exhaust any fuel, lubricating oil or
crankcase gas into atmosphere from crankcase ventilation system.
6.2.4 Type IV test (test for evaporative emissions)
6.2.4.1 All motorcycles with spark-ignition engine, except mono fuel gas motorcycles, shall be
subject to this test. As for bi-fuel motorcycle, only gasoline is used to conduct this test.
6.2.4.2 The test is conducted according to Annex E, and the evaporative emission amount shall
not exceed 2.0g/test.
6.2.4.3 Before the test, the motorcycle manufacturer shall separately provide two same
canisters, one is equipped on motorcycle for Type IV test; the other one is subject to initial
working capacity testing according to the test method in Attachment EB, and the measurement
result shall not be higher than 1.15 times the declared value of the manufacturer.
6.2.5 Type V test (endurance test for emission-control devices)
6.2.5.1 Before the test, the motorcycle manufacturer shall separately provide two same catalytic
converters, one is subject to endurance test; the other one is subject to noble metal content testing
according to the requirements of QC/T 1003, and the measurement result shall not be higher than
1.2 times the declared value of the manufacturer.
6.2.5.2 All motorcycles subject to type test shall be subject to emission deterioration endurance
test with the method complying with the requirements of Annex F.
required by the manufacturer, running-in less than 1 000km may be conducted according to the
running-in specification of the manufacturer; however, such motorcycles shall not be adjusted in
any way.
7.1.4 Commercially available vehicle fuel complying with the requirements of relevant
standard shall be adopted for test. Where required by the manufacturer, reference fuels specified
in Annex H may be adopted.
7.2 Production conformity inspection for Type II test
7.2.1 Production conformity inspection for test of motorcycle with spark-ignition engine at
double idling speed
7.2.1.1 The manufacturer shall conduct random inspection for motorcycles passing off-
production-line inspection through test at double idling speed.
7.2.1.2 The CO and HC emission values at double idling speed and the ?? value at high idling
speed of the motorcycle shall meet the requirements of 6.2.2.1.4.
7.2.2 Production conformity inspection for smoke intensity at free acceleration of three-
wheeled motorcycle with compression-ignition engine
7.2.2.1 The manufacturer shall conduct random inspection for motorcycles passing off-
production-line inspection through test of smoke intensity at free acceleration.
7.2.2.2 The measured light absorption coefficient shall not be greater than the type test result
specified in 6.2.2.2 plus 0.5m-1.
7.3 Production conformity inspection for Type III test
Shall meet the requirements of 6.2.3.
7.4 Production conformity inspection for Type IV test
Production conformity inspection shall be conducted according to the requirements in E.7, Annex
E.
7.5 Production conformity inspection for OBD system
7.5.1 Three motorcycles are randomly taken from batch products to conduct tests specified in
Annex G.
7.5.2 If the three motorcycles meet the test requirements specified in Annex G, it is regarded
that the production conformity of OBD system meets relevant requirements, otherwise it will be
regarded as rejected.
7.6 Production conformity inspection for canister
7.6.1 Three motorcycles (or three canisters) are randomly taken from the assembling line or
batch products to test the initial working capacity of canister according to the requirements of
Attachment EB.
7.6.2 Judgment criteria for canister production conformity:
-- if the measurement results of the initial working capacity of three canisters are not less than
0.85 times of the declared value, and their average is not less than 0.9 times of the declared
value, the canister is judged as acceptable in production conformity inspection.
-- if the measurement result of the initial working capacity of any of three canisters is less than
0.85 times of the declared value, or the average is less than 0.9 times of the declared value,
the canister is judged as rejected in production conformity inspection.
7.7 Production conformity inspection for catalytic converter
7.7.1 Three motorcycles (or three catalytic converters) are randomly taken from the assembling
line or batch products to test the content of each noble metal in the sampled catalytic converter
according to the requirements of QC/T 1003.
7.7.2 Judgment criteria for catalytic converter production conformity:
-- if the measurement results of the noble metal content in three catalytic converters are not
less than 0.8 times of the declared value, and their average is not less than 0.85 times of the
declared value, the catalytic converter is judged as acceptable in production conformity
inspection.
-- if the measurement result of certain noble metal content in any of the three catalytic
converters is less than 0.8 times of the declared value, or the average is less than 0.85 times
of the declared value, the catalytic converter is judged as rejected in production conformity
inspection.
7.8 Others
In case that a certain motorcycle type fails to meet any of the production conformit...