YS/T 492-2021 English PDF (YS/T492-2021)

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YS/T 492-2021: Element additive for aluminum and aluminum alloys
YS/T 492-2021
YS
NONFERROUS INDUSTRY STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 71.100.10
CCS H 30
Replacing YS/T 492-2012
Element additive for aluminum and aluminum alloys
ISSUED ON: AUGUST 21, 2021
IMPLEMENTED ON: FEBRUARY 01, 2022
Issued by: Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of PRC
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 Product categories ... 6
5 Quality assurance ... 8
6 Requirements ... 8
7 Test methods ... 13
8 Inspection rules ... 15
9 Signs, packaging, transportation, storage, quality certificate ... 18
10 Contents of order form (or contract) ... 20
Appendix A (Informative) Quality assurance ... 21
Appendix B (Normative) Determination of iron content in iron additives ... 23
Appendix C (Normative) Determination of manganese content in manganese additives
... 26
Appendix D (Normative) Determination of copper content in copper type additives 29
Appendix E (Normative) Determination of chromium content in chromium type
additives ... 32
Appendix F (Normative) Determination of titanium content in titanium type additives
... 38
Appendix G (Normative) Determination of nickel content in nickel type additives .. 40
Appendix H (Normative) Determination of impurity content of aluminum type
additives ... 43
Appendix I (Normative) Determination of moisture content of additives ... 51
Appendix J (Normative) Determination of casting yield ... 53
Appendix K (Normative) Drawing of casting yield curve ... 56
References ... 60
Element additive for aluminum and aluminum alloys
1 Scope
This document stipulates the product classification, quality assurance, requirements,
test methods, inspection rules and markings, packaging, transportation, storage, quality
certificate and order form (or contract) content of element additives for aluminum and
aluminum alloy.
This document applies to additives for formulating or adjusting the chemical
composition of aluminum and aluminum alloys (hereinafter referred to as "additives").
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential provisions of this
document through normative references in the text. Among them, for dated reference
documents, only the version corresponding to the date applies to this document; for
undated reference documents, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to
this document.
GB/T 3199 Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy products - Packing, marking,
transporting and storing
GB/T 6682 Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods
GB/T 7999 Optical emission spectrometric analysis method of aluminum and
aluminum alloys
GB/T 8170 Rules of rounding off for numerical values and expression and judgement
of limiting values
GB/T 17432 Methods for sampling for analyzing the chemical composition of
wrought aluminum and aluminum alloys
GB/T 20975 (all parts) Methods for chemical analysis of aluminium and aluminium
alloys
YS/T 491 Flux for aluminium and aluminium alloy
3 Terms and definitions
There are no terms or definitions to be defined in this document.
6.7 Powder content
The content of round cake aluminum type additive powder shall not exceed 1%; it shall
not exceed 3% for other types.
6.8 Appearance quality
Additives shall not be deliquescent.
7 Test methods
7.1 Chemical composition
7.1.1 The analysis method for the main element content of additives shall comply with
the provisions of Appendix B ~ Appendix G.
7.1.2 The analysis method for the fluorine content of aluminum additives shall be
determined, through negotiation between the supplier and the purchaser. The analysis
method for the content of other impurity elements shall comply with the provisions of
Appendix H.
7.1.3 Routine analysis is only conducted on elements with specified numerical values
outside the “Other” column in Tables 2 ~ 7. When it is suspected that the mass fraction
of unconventional analysis elements exceeds the limit value of this document, the
producer can analyze these elements; the analysis method shall be determined through
negotiation between the supplier and the buyer.
7.1.4 The rounding off comparison method is used to determine the analytical value.
The numerical rounding rules are in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 8170. The
rounding digits are consistent with the limit digits in Tables 2 ~ 7 of this document.
7.2 Moisture
The moisture content of additives shall be determined according to the method specified
in Appendix I.
7.3 Density
7.3.1 Weigh the mass of the specimen, recorded it as ma.
7.3.2 Measure the diameter of the specimen, recorded as D. Measure the thickness of
the specimen, recorded as T.
7.3.3 Calculate the density ρ of the specimen according to formula (1), in grams per
cubic centimeter (g/cm3).
take double quantity of samples from the batch of products (including the batch of
products represented by the unqualified sample) for repeated testing. If all repeated test
results are qualified, the batch of products will be deemed qualified. If there are still
sample fractures that are unqualified in the repeated test results, the batch of products
will be deemed unqualified.
8.7.6 When the fracture of any sample fails to meet the standard, it shall take double
quantity of samples from the batch of products (including the batch of products
represented by the unqualified sample) for repeated testing. If all repeated test results
are qualified, the batch of products will be deemed qualified. If there are still sample
fractures that are unqualified in the repeated test results, the batch of products will be
deemed unqualified.
8.7.7 When the powder content of any sample fails to meet the standard, it shall take
double quantity of samples from the batch of products (including the batch of products
represented by the unqualified sample) for repeated testing. If all repeated test results
are qualified, the batch of products will be deemed qualified. If there are still sample
fractures that are unqualified in the repeated test results, the batch of products will be
deemed unqualified.
8.7.8 When the appearance quality of any sample is unqualified, it shall take double
quantity of samples from the batch of products (including the batch of products
represented by the unqualified sample) for repeated testing. If all repeated test results
are qualified, the batch of products will be deemed qualified. If there are still samples
that are unqualified in the repeated test results, the batch of products will be deemed
unqualified. Upon agreement between the supplier and the buyer, the supplier is
allowed to inspect piece by piece and deliver the qualified products.
9 Signs, packaging, transportation, storage, quality
certificate
9.1 Signs
9.1.1 Product signs
Print the following content identification on the products that have passed the inspection
(OR affix a label containing the following content):
a) Supplier’s name and address;
b) Product name;
c) The inspection seal of the supplier’s quality inspection department (or the
signature or seal of the quality inspection personnel);
Appendix B
(Normative)
Determination of iron content in iron additives
B.1 Summary of methods
In an acidic solution, divalent iron ions are directly titrated with a standard solution of
potassium dichromate. The excess potassium dichromate oxidizes the sodium
diphenylamine sulfonate indicator to purple, which is the end point. This method is used
to measure the iron content. The measuring range is 72% ~ 98%.
B.2 Reagents
Warning - Personnel using this document shall have practical experience in
regular laboratory work. This document does not identify all possible safety issues.
Users are responsible for taking appropriate safety and health measures and
ensuring compliance with the conditions stipulated in relevant national
regulations.
Unless otherwise stated, only reagents confirmed to be of analytical grade and grade 3
water complying with GB/T 6682 are used in the analysis.
B.2.1 Hydrochloric acid (1 + 1).
B.2.2 Mixed acid of sulfur and phosphorus: Slowly add 100 mL of phosphoric acid (ρ
= 1.69 g/mL) to 300 mL of sulfuric acid (1 + 3); mix well.
B.2.3 Tin dichloride solution (40 g/L): Weigh 4.0 g of tin dichloride. Add 40 mL of
hydrochloric acid (B.2.1). Add water to dilute it to 100 mL. Heat until the solution is
clear. Cool and transfer it into a reagent bottle. Put in two tin pellets.
B.2.4 Mercury dichloride (saturated solution): Weigh about 45 g of mercury dichloride.
Add 100 mL of warm water (about 60 °C ~ 70 °C), to dissolve it. Cool it slightly.
Transfer it into a reagent bottle.
B.2.5 Sodium diphenylamine sulfonate solution (4 g/L).
B.2.6 Standard titration solution of potassium dichromate (0.003 mol/L): Weigh 0.8826
g of standard potassium dichromate (preliminarily dry it at 160 °C for 2 hours; place it
in a desiccator to cool to room temperature) into a beaker. Add an appropriate amount
of water, to dissolve it. Transfer it into a 1 L measuring flask. Dilute to the mark. Mix
well.
B.3 Specimen
After crushing the sample, use the quartering method to reduce it to the required amount.
B.4 Measurement
B.4.1 Sample
Weigh 0.50 g of specimen (B.3), accurate to 0.0001 g, recorded as mFe.
B.4.2 Parallel test
Make two measurements independently. Take the average value.
B.4.3 Test procedures
B.4.3.1 Place the sample in a 250 mL beaker. Add 30 mL of hydrochloric acid (B.2.1).
Heat until complete dissolution. After cooling, filter it into a 250 mL volumetric flask.
Dilute to volume. Mix well.
B.4.3.2 Pipette 10.00 mL of the above solution (B.4.3.1) into a 400 mL conical beaker.
Add another 15 mL of hydrochloric acid (B.2.1). Heat to nearly boiling. Dropwise add
tin dichloride solution (B.2.3), until the yellow color fades away. Add 1 more drop. Cool
it down. Add 5 mL of mercuric dichloride solution (B.2.4). Shake the test solution, until
filamentous precipitates appear. Let it stand for 3 min ~ 4 min. Add 100 mL of water,
18 mL of thiophosphorus mixed acid (B.2.2), 3 drops of sodium
diphenylaminesulfonate solution (B.2.5). Use potassium dichromate standard titration
solution (B.2.6) to titrate, until it becomes purple, which is used as the end point.
B.5 Test data processing
B.5.1 The iron content is recorded as the mass fraction of iron wFe, which is calculated
according to formula (B.1):
Where:
cK2Cr2O7 - The concentration of potassium dichromate standard titration solution, in
moles per liter (mol/L);
VK2Cr2O7 - The volume of potassium dichromate standard solution as consumed in
titration, in milliliters (mL);
MFe - The molar mass of iron, in grams per mole (g/mol) (MFe = 55.85);
6 - 1 mol of potassium dichromate can reduce 6 mol of ferrous sulfate;
Appendix C
(Normative)
Determination of manganese content in manganese additives
C.1 Summary of methods
Use sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide solution to dissolve the specimen.
Hydroxylamine hydrochloride keeps manganese divalent, whilst sodium fluoride masks
the elements such as aluminum and iron. In an ammoniacal solution, use EDTA standard
solution to complex with manganese; use chrome black T as an indicator; use zinc
standard solution to titrate the excess EDTA standard solution, until the solution turns
purple, which is taken as the end point. This method is used to determine the manganese
content. The measuring range is 72% ~ 96%.
C.2 Reagents
Warning - Personnel using this document shall have practical experience in
regular laboratory work. This document does not identify all possible safety issues.
Users are responsible for taking appropriate safety and health measures and
ensuring compliance with the conditions stipulated in relevant national
regulations.
Unless otherwise stated, only reagents confirmed to be of analytical grade and grade 3
water complying with GB/T 6682 shall be used in the analysis.
C.2.1 Hydrogen peroxide (1.10 g/mL).
C.2.2 Sulfuric acid (1 + 4).
C.2.3 Hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution (100 g/L).
C.2.4 Sodium fluoride (saturated solution): Weigh about 55 g of sodium fluoride. Add
1000 mL of water. Heat and boil for 30 minutes, until it is completely dissolved. After
cooling, transfer the upper solution into the reagent bottle.
C.2.5 Zinc standard solution (0.025 mol/L): Weigh 1.6348 g of metallic zinc (wZn ≥
99.99%); add 15 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid (ρ = 1.19 g/mL); dissolve and
transfer it into a 1 L volumetric flask; dilute to volume; mix well.
C.2.6 EDTA standard solution (cEDTA ≈ 0.05 mol/L):
- Preparation: Weigh 18.6120 g of EDTA into a 1 L beaker. Add an appropriate
amount of water. Heat to dissolve. After cooling, use absorbent cotton to filter it
Appendix D
(Normative)
Determination of copper content in copper type additives
D.1 Summary of methods
In a weakly acidic solution, sodium pyrophosphate is used to mask iron and
hydroxylamine hydrochloride is used to eliminate nitrogen oxides. Potassium iodide is
added; copper ions react with iodide ions to precipitate an equivalent amount of iodine.
Use starch as an indicator; use sodium thiosulfate standard solution to titrate the
precipitated iodine, to determine the copper content. The measuring range is 72% ~
93%.
D.2 Reagents
Unless otherwise stated, only reagents confirmed to be of analytical grade and grade-3
water complying with GB/T 6682 are used in the analysis.
D.2.1 Ammonium fluoride.
D.2.2 Sodium pyrophosphate (solid).
D.2.3 Nitric acid (1 + 1).
D.2.4 Potassium iodide solution (150 g/L).
D.2.5 Hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution (100 g/L).
D.2.6 Potassium thiocyanate solution (100 g/L).
D.2.7 Sodium thiosulfate stock solution (1 mol/L): Weigh 130 g of sodium thiosulfate
pentahydrate (Na2S2O3 ·5H2O) into a conical flask. Add an appropriate amount of
newly boiled and cooled distilled water to dissolve it. Add ...