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QB/T 1520-2023: Household and similar electrical dishwasher
QB/T 1520-2023
QB
LIGHT INDUSTRY STANDARD OF
THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 97.040.40
CCS Y 62
Replacing QB/T 1520-2013
Household and similar electrical dishwasher
ISSUED ON: JULY 28, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: FEBRUARY 01, 2024
Issued by: Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the PRC
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative references ... 6
3 Terms and definitions ... 7
4 Classification and model naming ... 10
5 Requirements ... 10
6 Test method ... 14
7 Inspection rules ... 25
8 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage ... 28
Appendix A (Informative) Product classification and model naming ... 30
Appendix B (Normative) Classification and grading of main performance indicators
... 32
Appendix C (Informative) Methods for preparing and coating Chinese pollutants ... 33
Appendix D (Normative) Test method for short-time washing performance of
dishwashers ... 36
Appendix E (Normative) Tooling for noise test of sink-type dishwasher ... 38
Appendix F (Informative) Test method of dishwasher clean and dry-keeping performance
... 41
Appendix G (Informative) Test method for pesticide residue removal rate ... 52
References ... 55
Household and similar electrical dishwasher
1 Scope
This document specifies the safety, use performance, structure, materials and other
requirements for household and similar electrical dishwashers; describes the
corresponding test methods; specifies the inspection rules, marking, packaging,
transportation, storage content; gives the classification and model naming for the
convenience of technical specifications.
This document applies to the production, inspection, sale of household and similar
electrical dishwashers with a single-phase rated voltage not exceeding 250 V and other
appliances with a rated voltage not exceeding 480 V.
This document does not apply to the production, inspection, sale of dishwashers
designed specifically for commercial use.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential clauses of this document
through normative references in the text. Among them, for dated references, only the
version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the
latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 1019 General requirements for the package of household and similar electrical
appliances
GB/T 1354-2018 Milled rice
GB/T 2423.17 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2:
Test method - Test Ka: Salt mist
GB/T 2828.1 Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes - Part 1: Sampling
schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection
GB/T 2829 Sampling procedures and tables for periodic inspection by attributes
(apply to inspection of process stability)
GB/T 4214.3 Household and similar electrical appliances - Test code for
determination of airborne acoustical noise - Particular requirements for dishwashers
GB 4706.1 Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 1: General
requirements
c) Inlet water temperature: Not more than 60 °C;
d) Inlet water pressure: 0.05 MPa ~ 1.0 MPa.
5.2 General requirements
Unless otherwise specified, the dishwasher shall be powered by a single-phase AC
power supply, which has a voltage of 220 V ~ 250 V and a frequency of 50 Hz ~ 60 Hz.
Before the cleaning performance test, the prototype shall be loaded with special
consumables such as rinsing agent and salt in accordance with the instructions for use
of the appliance or the method specified by the manufacturer; it shall be fully loaded
with clean loads and tested for at least 3 complete standard washing programs.
For the relevant test requirements of other functions, if not specified in this document,
the corresponding national standards, industry standards or public enterprise standards
may be implemented.
5.3 Safety
The safety of the dishwasher shall comply with the requirements of GB 4706.1 and GB
4706.25.
5.4 Cleaning performance
The dishwasher shall be tested with a standard washing program; the cleaning index PC
shall not be less than 1.12.
5.5 Drying performance
The dishwasher shall be tested with a standard washing program; the drying index PD
shall not be less than 0.86.
5.6 Energy efficiency index
The dishwasher shall be tested with a standard washing program; the energy efficiency
index EEI shall not be greater than 71.
5.7 Water efficiency index
The dishwasher is tested with a standard washing program; the water efficiency index
WEI shall not be greater than 68.
5.8 Short-time washing performance
The dishwasher is tested with a short-time washing program; the cleaning index shall
not be less than 0.75; the energy efficiency index shall not be greater than 80; the water
efficiency index shall not be greater than 75.
5.18.2 Electroplated parts
5.18.2.1 The surface of the electroplated parts of dishwashers shall be smooth, fine and
uniform in color; it shall not have defects such as peeling, bottom exposure, pinholes,
bubbling, obvious spots, scratches.
5.18.2.2 The plating layer of general structural parts of dishwashers shall not have rust
spots beyond 2 mm on the edges and corners.
5.18.3 Painted or plastic-coated parts
5.18.3.1 The coating layer of painted or plastic-coated parts of dishwashers shall have
strong adhesion and firm bonding; it shall not have obvious bubbles, flow marks,
missing coating, primer exposure, wrinkles, cracks and other phenomena.
5.18.3.2 After the corrosion resistance test of painted or plastic-coated parts of
dishwashers, the corrosion width shall not be greater than 1 mm.
5.18.4 Plastic parts
The surface of plastic parts of dishwashers shall be flat, smooth, uniform in color,
resistant to aging; it shall not have defects such as cracks, bubbles, shrinkage holes, etc.
6 Test method
6.1 Test conditions
6.1.1 Test power supply
During the test, the power supply voltage shall be kept within (1 ± 1%) of the rated
voltage. Unless otherwise specified in the test, the test voltage is 220 (1 ± 1%) V.
During the test, the power supply frequency shall be kept within (1 ± 1%) of the rated
frequency. Unless otherwise specified in the test, the test frequency is 50 (1 ± 1%) Hz.
The waveform distortion of the power supply voltage in the standby/shutdown energy
consumption test shall not be greater than 2%; the ratio of peak value to effective value
shall be within 1.34 ~ 1.49.
6.1.2 Test water
During the entire test and pollutant preparation and treatment process, the hardness of
the test water shall be (2.5 ± 0.5) mmol/L. The water hardness shall be adjusted in
accordance with the requirements of GB/T 23119.
Water temperature: (15 ± 2) °C.
For dishwashers that automatically complete water filling, the water pressure of the test
water connected to the water inlet pipe shall be (0.24 ± 0.05) MPa. The water pressure
shall be maintained throughout the test operation.
6.1.3 Ambient temperature
Except for tests with specific requirements for test environmental conditions, the test
shall be conducted indoors at an ambient temperature of (23 ± 2) °C.
6.1.4 Ambient humidity
Except for tests with specific requirements for test environmental conditions, the test
shall be conducted indoors at a relative humidity of (55 ± 5)%.
6.1.5 Reference dishwasher
The cleaning performance (cleaning index PC) of the reference dishwasher shall be 3.55
± 0.20. The drying performance (drying index PD) shall be 0.81 ± 0.10.
If there is any doubt about the test results, the test results of the dishwasher specified in
Appendix M of GB/T 20290-2016 shall prevail.
6.1.6 Test load and loading method
Except for special provisions, the test shall be conducted in accordance with the test
load and corresponding number of sets specified in Appendix B of GB 38383-2019.
The reference dishwasher is loaded in accordance with the relevant requirements of GB
38383-2019. The prototype is loaded in accordance with the instructions for use of the
appliance or the relevant requirements of the manufacturer.
Before the test, the integrity of the Chinese standard tableware shall be checked. If there
are broken or cracked tableware, it shall be replaced in time (if it is damaged during the
test, the test can be completed without affecting the evaluation of the test results).
Note: When using Chinese standard tableware for testing, slight damage to the enamel on the
surface of the tableware due to normal operation generally does not affect the evaluation of the
performance test results.
6.2 Test instruments
The performance, range, uncertainty and other parameters of the test instruments shall
meet the following requirements.
a) Thermometer: The unit is Celsius (°C); the resolution is not more than 0.5 °C; the
uncertainty is not more than 0.5 °C.
b) Hygrometer: The unit is expressed in relative humidity (%RH); the resolution is
If there is any doubt about the test results, the washing performance and drying
performance tests and evaluations shall be carried out according to 6.4 and 6.2 of GB
38383-2019, respectively.
6.3.2 Filters are divided into automatic filters, self-cleaning filters, manual filters.
The filter type is generally indicated by the manufacturer in the instructions for use of
the device. If there is no relevant description, it is deemed as automatic filter.
The manual filter shall be cleaned according to the instructions for use of the device.
The filter classification shall comply with the requirements of 6.8.2 of GB/T 20290-
2016.
Automatic or self-cleaning filters are not additionally cleaned between each washing
performance test.
6.4 Cleaning performance
The preparation and contamination method of pollutants in the cleaning performance
test shall be carried out in accordance with Appendix A of GB 38383-2019; the loading
method of tableware in the oven shall be carried out in accordance with Appendix E of
GB 38383-2019; the evaluation and calculation of the test results shall be carried out in
accordance with 6.7 of GB/T 20290-2016.
The preparation and coating of common Chinese pollutants can refer to Appendix C;
the evaluation method is the same as the cleaning performance test.
6.5 Drying performance
The drying performance test is carried out at the same time as the cleaning performance
test; the evaluation and calculation of the test results are carried out in accordance with
7.4 of GB/T 20290-2016.
6.6 Cyclic power consumption and cyclic water consumption
The cyclic power consumption and cyclic water consumption tests shall be carried out
at the same time as the 6.4 cleaning performance test; the cyclic water consumption and
cyclic power consumption shall be recorded during the cleaning performance test.
The amount of water and electricity generated by the regeneration process of the soft
water system: If the number of regenerations of the dishwasher soft water system does
not exceed 2 times in the first 5 tests of the cleaning performance test, or if the number
of regenerations of the soft water system does not exceed 3 times in the 6-th ~ 8-th tests,
THEN, the amount of water and electricity generated by the regeneration of the
dishwasher soft water system can be ignored. If the number of regeneration operations
of the dishwasher soft water system exceeds the above requirements, or 1 or more soft
d) The interval between each test shall be no less than 4 minutes.
In the durability test of the whole dishwasher, if a failure occurs that affects its
continued normal use, the test is over. The total number of all complete cycles
completed by the dishwasher before the failure occurs is the number of running cycles
of the whole machine durability test.
During the entire test process, the dishwasher spray arm is allowed to be replaced once.
Note: "Failure" means that an error/alarm occurs during the operation of the tested dishwasher,
resulting in failure to operate normally and failure to automatically recover, or a large
fluctuation in power consumption and water consumption (the measured value of the program
exceeds or is 20% lower than the value specified in the appliance instructions or the
manufacturer), as well as other obvious problems that affect normal use (such as the dispenser
not working properly, the aging of the sealing ring causing water leakage or shell deformation,
the spray arm blocked, the program disordered, etc.).
6.14 Rinsing performance
The dishwasher is tested in accordance with Appendix D of QB/T 5428-2019.
Among them, the test program and the way of placing tableware shall be the same as
the cleaning performance test; no rinsing agent is added during the test; when the
dishwasher is rinsed and drained for the last time, the residual water (about 200 mL) in
the drain pipe is discarded; all the remaining drainage is collected and mixed evenly,
then sampled for measurement.
6.15 Material dissolution
For parts and materials in contact with food, the dissolution limit is tested in accordance
with the relevant methods of the corresponding parts of GB 4806.
6.16 Clean and dry-keeping performance
For dishwashers that clearly indicate that they have a clean and dry-keeping function in
the instructions for use of the appliance, the test shall be carried out in accordance with
Appendix F.
6.17 Pesticide residue removal function
For dishwashers that clearly indicate that they have a pesticide residue removal function
in the instructions for use of the appliance, the test shall be carried out in accordance
with Appendix G.
6.18 General structure and materials
6.18.1 Structural and material inspection
Appendix C
(Informative)
Methods for preparing and coating Chinese pollutants
C.1 Spinach contaminants
The methods for preparing and coating spinach contaminants are as follows:
a) Selection: Fresh small-leaf spinach, which has a plant height of 20 cm ~ 30 cm, a
single plant weight of 20 g ~ 40 g, a growth period ...