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GB 8903-2024: Steel wire ropes for lifts
GB 8903-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.140.65
CCS H 49
Replacing GB/T 8903-2018
Steel wire ropes for lifts
ISSUED ON. JUNE 25, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON. SEPTEMBER 25, 2024
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
National Standardization Administration.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative references... 5
3 Terms and definitions... 6
4 Classification and marking... 6
5 Ordering content... 7
6 Technical requirements... 7
7 Verification requirements and test methods... 17
8 Sampling and acceptance rules... 19
9 Usage information and marking... 20
Appendix A (Normative) Table of minimum breaking tensions of wire ropes of common
categories, diameters, tensile strength levels... 22
Appendix B (Normative) Calculation of minimum breaking force of wire rope... 37
Appendix C (Informative) Reference weight per unit length of wire rope, nominal metal
cross-sectional area, approximate diameter of outer steel wire... 38
Appendix D (Normative) Method for determining the elongation of wire rope... 39
Appendix E (Informative) Information on selection, storage, transportation, installation,
maintenance of steel wire ropes for lifts... 41
Appendix F (Informative) Conditions for replacement and scrapping of wire ropes for
lifts... 43
Steel wire ropes for lifts
1 Scope
This document specifies the classification and marking, ordering content, technical
requirements, verification requirements and test methods, sampling and acceptance
rules, usage information and identification of carbon steel smooth or plated wire ropes
for lifts, which have nominal diameters of 6 mm ~ 38 mm and different structures.
This document applies to suspension wire ropes for traction drive, hydraulic drive,
forced drive lifts. It also applies to compensation wire ropes and speed limiter wire
ropes for passenger lifts, freight lifts, sundries lifts running between guide rails.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential provisions of this
document through normative references in the text. Among them, for dated references,
only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated
references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 228.1 Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1.Method of test at room
temperature
GB/T 238 Metallic materials - Wire - Reverse bend test
GB/T 1839 Test method for gravimetric determination of the mass per unit area of
galvanized coatings on steel products
GB/T 2104 Steel wire ropes - Packing, marking and certificate - General
requirements
GB/T 8358 Steel wire ropes - Determination of breaking force
GB/T 8706 Steel wire ropes - Vocabulary, designation and classification
GB/T 15030 Sisal main cores in steel wire ropes
GB/T 21965 Steel wire ropes - Vocabulary for acceptance and defect
NB/SH/T 0387 Wire rope greases
YB/T 081 Rule for rounding off of numerical values and judgement of testing values
for technical standards of metallurgy
YB/T 4182 Steel wire ropes - Determination of lubricant content
YB/T 4452-2015 Fiber cores for steel wire ropes
YB/T 5198 Steel wire for lift ropes
YB/T 5343 Steel wire for ropes
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions as defined in GB/T 8706, as well as the following terms and
definitions, apply to this document.
3.1
Single tensile rope
A steel wire rope with the same tensile strength grade for the outer wire and inner
wire of the outer strand (excluding the center wire and the filling wire).
3.2
Dual tensile rope
A steel wire rope with different tensile strength grades for the outer wire and inner
wire of the outer strand (excluding the center wire and the filling wire).
Example. 1370/1770 grade means that the tensile strength grade of the outer wire of the
outer strand is 1370, whilst the tensile strength grade of the inner wire is 1770.
3.3
Steel-based composite core; SCC
A rope core made of steel wire and fiber or polymer composite.
3.4
Composite steel core; CSC
A type of steel-based composite core, which is a rope core made by twisting steel
strands with fiber core or polymer core.
4 Classification and marking
The classification and marking of wire ropes shall comply with the requirements of
GB/T 8706.
5 Ordering content
The contract for ordering according to this document shall include the following.
a) Quantity, in meters (m);
b) Nominal diameter, in millimeters (mm);
c) Deviation requirement category (only applicable to steel core wire rope);
d) Wire rope category or structure;
e) Surface condition;
f) Strength level or minimum breaking tension;
g) Twisting type;
h) Rope core type, fiber core oil content category;
i) Application.
1) Suspension wire rope,
2) Speed limiter wire rope,
3) Compensation wire rope;
j) Others (if any).
6 Technical requirements
6.1 Materials
6.1.1 Steel wire
6.1.1.1 Steel wire properties and strength levels
The properties and strength levels of steel wire used for rope making shall comply with
the requirements of Table 1.
6.1.1.2 Surface condition
Unless otherwise required by the buyer, the wire rope shall be made of smooth steel
wire.
When the buyer has plating requirements, it shall be indicated in the contract or order.
- Polyester or polyamide.
Composite fiber cores may be composited by sisal fiber with one or more of the
above materials;
The oil content of synthetic fiber cores and composite fiber cores in suspension wire
ropes is divided into two categories. When measured according to the method of
YB/T 4182, it shall be 3% ~ 10% for category I and 8% ~ 16% for category II. The
oil content of synthetic fiber core and solid polymer core in speed limiter wire rope
and compensation wire rope is divided into two categories, where category I has low
oil content, which shall not be greater than 10%; category II has high oil content,
which shall be 10% ~ 20%.
c) The grease used to make the fiber core shall be compatible with the grease used
to twist the wire rope.
d) When natural fiber core wire rope is selected as speed limiter wire rope and
compensation wire rope, the influence of environmental humidity and
temperature changes in the use area shall be considered, to avoid abnormal
expansion and contraction of the wire rope, resulting in lift failure.
6.1.2.3 Wire core
The type of wire core shall be one of the following categories.
a) Independent wire rope core (IWRC);
b) Parallel lay compact rope core (PWRC);
c) Wire strand core (WSC).
The specific structure of each wire core is determined by the manufacturer based on the
use conditions.
6.1.2.4 Steel-based composite core
Typical steel-based composite cores include composite steel core (CSC) and polymer-
coated steel core (EPIWRC).
The synthetic fibers or polymers in the steel-based composite core shall be made of one
or more of the following materials.
- Polypropylene;
- Polyethylene;
- Polyester or polyamide.
6.1.3 Grease
The grease for wire rope shall comply with the provisions of NB/SH/T 0387 for
lubricants for wire ropes for lifts.
6.2 Wire rope manufacturing
6.2.1 General
All steel wires in the same layer of wire rope shall have the same twist direction; all
steel wires in the same layer of any strand shall have the same tensile strength level.
Under tension on the rope closing machine, uniform gaps are allowed between the outer
strands of the wire rope.
The wire rope shall be twisted evenly and tightly. Except for parallel-twisted dense wire
ropes and wire ropes with more than 9 strands in the outer layer, other wire ropes shall
not be loose when inspected according to the method of 7.7.
The steel wire rope shall not have manufacturing defects specified in GB/T 21965.
Indentations of the steel wire caused by compression of the deformation tool are
allowed.
In the uncoiled unloaded state, the steel wire rope shall not be wavy.
For plated steel wire ropes, all steel wires shall be plated.
6.2.2 Steel wire joints
For steel wires with a diameter greater than 0.40 mm, butt welding shall be used for
joints.
For steel wires with a diameter less than or equal to 0.40 mm, butt welding or inserting
the steel wire into the correct forming position in the strand can be used for joints.
The distance between any two steel wire joints in the strand shall not be less than 10 m.
6.2.3 Fiber rope core joints
Fiber rope core joints shall be spliced and braided; the diameter of the joint shall meet
the allowable deviation requirements. The splicing length shall not be less than 30 times
the nominal diameter of the fiber rope core.
6.2.4 Oiling
For suspension wire ropes, speed limiter wire ropes, compensation wire ropes, all
strands shall be oiled during the twisting process; they shall not be oiled when the ropes
are finally tied.
6.2.9 Wire rope strength level
6.2.9.1 General
The wire rope strength level is expressed by the strength level of the outer wire and
inner wire of the outer strand, including single tensile rope and dual tensile rope. The
commonly used strength level of the wire rope shall be one of 6.2.9.2 ~ 6.2.9.4.Other
wire rope levels shall be determined by negotiation between the buyer and the
manufacturer.
For commonly used categories of wire ropes (see Table A.1 ~ Table A.11), Rr is the
equivalent value for calculating the minimum breaking tension of single tensile ropes;
Rdt is the equivalent value for calculating the minimum breaking tension of dual tensile
ropes. The Rdt value is as shown in Appendix B.
6.2.9.2 Suspension wire ropes
The strength levels of commonly used categories of wire ropes for traction-driven lifts
are in accordance with Table A.1 ~ Table A.8.
The strength levels of commonly used types of wire ropes for hydraulic-driven and
forced-driven lifts are in accordance with Table A.1 ~ Table A.4.
Other structural wire ropes not included in Appendix A.
- Multi-layer polymer coated steel core wire rope. 1570/1770, 1620/2160, 1570,
1770, 1960, 2160;
- Compacted strand wire rope. 1570/1770, 1620/2160, 1570, 1770, 1960, 2160.
6.2.9.3 Speed limiter wire rope
The strength level of the speed limiter wire rope shall be in accordance with Table A.1
~ Table A.9.
6.2.9.4 Compensation wire rope
The strength level of the compensation wire rope shall be in accordance with Table A.1
~ Table A.11.
6.2.10 Twist type
The twist type of the wire rope shall be one of the following, as shown in Figure 1.
a) Right alternating lay (sZ);
b) Left alternating lay (zS);
of the nominal tensile strength of the steel wire of the same diameter specified in
YB/T 5198 or YB/T 5343;
c) The tensile strength of the low-value steel wire shall not be lower than 92% of the
lower limit of the nominal tensile strength of the steel wire of the same diameter
specified in YB/T 5198 or YB/T 5343.
6.6.3 Repeated bending
At least 95% of the test wires shall be subjected to the number of repeated bending in
accordance with the provisions of YB/T 5198 or YB/T 5343 for important purpose wires.
The number of repeated bending of low-value wires shall not be less than 80% (rounded
to an integer) of the number specified in the corresponding standards.
6.6.4 Knotting tension
For wires with a diameter of less than 0.50 mm, the knotting tensile test shall be used
instead of the bending test.
At least 95% of the test wires shall be subjected to repeated bending in accordance with
the provisions of YB/T 5198 or YB/T 5343.The knotting tensile force of low-value
wires shall not be less than 80% (rounded to an integer) of the value specified in the
corresponding standards.
6.6.5 Plating weight
At least 95% of the test steel wires shall comply with the provisions of Grade B plated
steel wire in YB/T 5198 or YB/T 5343.The plating weight of low-value steel wires
shall not be less than 80% of the specified value (rounded to an integer).
6.6.6 Calculation of low-value steel wires
When the number of low-value steel wires allowed is less than 1, it shall be calculated
as 1.When there are multiple low values in the test of 1 steel wire, only 1 is calculated.
6.7 Elongation
When measured according to the method in Appendix D, the elongation of the
suspension wire rope shall meet the following requirements.
a) The structural elongation of fiber core steel wire rope shall not be greater than
0.60%; the elastic elongation shall not be greater than 0.25%;
b) The structural elongation of steel core and steel-based composite core steel wire
rope shall not be greater than 0.45%; the elastic elongation shall not be greater
than 0.20%.
6.8 Measured weight per unit length
Appendix E
(Informative)
Information on selection, storage, transportation, installation, maintenance of
steel wire ropes for lifts
E.1 Selection
The hardness of the rope groove of the traction sheave shall match the hardness of the
steel wire rope. In particular, when the strength level of the outer layer of the steel wire
rope used reaches or exceeds 1770 MPa, the surface of the traction sheave groove shall
be hardened or made of matching hard materials, such as QT-700 or equivalent.
The diameter of the sheave groove of the traction sheave shall match the diameter of
the steel wire rope.
When designing the lift, the deflection angle should not be too large, to prevent
eccentric wear of the steel wire rope, which will reduce the life of the steel wire rope.
E.2 Storage
The steel wire rope should be stored in a ventilated and dry place, avoiding rain,
immersion, exposure to humid environment, direct sunlight, contact with acid and alkali,
to prevent rust, grease loss, surface damage, shortening the life of the steel wire rope
and continuous elongation of the natural fiber core steel wire rope after installation due
to moisture.
E.3 Transportation
During loading and unloadi...