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GB 4785-2019: Prescription for installation of the external lighting and light-signalling devices for motor vehicles and their trailers
GB 4785-2019
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.040.20
T 38
Replacing GB 4785-2007
Prescription for installation of the external lighting
and light-signalling devices for motor vehicles and
their trailers
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 17, 2019
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 01, 2020
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4 
1 Scope ... 6 
2 Normative references ... 6 
3 Terms and definitions ... 7 
4 General requirements ... 20 
5 Special regulations ... 34 
5.1 Main-beam headlamp ... 34 
5.2 Passing-beam headlamp ... 38 
5.3 Front fog lamp ... 45 
5.4 Reversing lamp ... 47 
5.5 Direction-indicator lamp ... 49 
5.6 Hazard warning signal ... 55 
5.7 Stop lamp ... 56 
5.8 Rear-registration plate illuminating device ... 60 
5.9 Front position lamp ... 60 
5.10 Rear position lamp ... 63 
5.11 Rear fog lamp ... 65 
5.12 Parking lamp ... 66 
5.13 End-outline marker lamp ... 68 
5.14 Non-triangular rear retro-reflector ... 70 
5.15 Triangular rear retro-reflector ... 71 
5.16 Non-triangular front retro-reflector ... 72 
5.17 Non-triangular side retro-reflector ... 74 
5.18 Side marker lamp ... 75 
5.19 Daytime running lamp ... 77 
5.20 Cornering lamp ... 79 
5.21 Conspicuity marking ... 80 
5.22 Adaptive front lighting system (AFS) ... 81 
5.23 Emergency stop signal ... 89 
5.24 Marker lamp for draw-bar-trailer ... 91 
5.25 Manoeuvring lamp ... 92 
5.26 Rear-end collision alert signal ... 94 
6 Inspection rules ... 95 
6.1 Same type judgement and inspection ... 95 
6.2 Type inspection ... 95 
6.3 Production consistency inspection ... 96 
6.4 Changes and expansion of lighting and light-signalling devices for vehicles ... 96 
Prescription for installation of the external lighting
and light-signalling devices for motor vehicles and
their trailers
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the general requirements, special regulations, and
inspection rules, etc. for the installation of the external lighting and light-
signalling devices for motor vehicles and their trailers.
This Standard applies to type M, N, and O motor vehicles and trailers, etc.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For the dated references, only the editions with the dates indicated are
applicable to this document. For the undated references, the latest edition
(including all the amendments) are applicable to this document.
GB/T 3977 Specification of colors
GB 4094 Motor vehicles - Symbols for controls, indicators and tell-tales
GB 4599 Motor vehicle headlamps equipped with filament lamps
GB 4660 Motor vehicle front fog lamps equipped with filament lamps
GB 5920 Photometric characteristics of front and rear position lamps, end-
outline marker lamps and stop lamps for motor vehicles and their trailers
GB 11554 Photometric characteristics of rear fog lamp for power-driven
vehicles and their trailers
GB 11564 Retro-reflector device for motor vehicles
GB 12676 Technical requirements and testing methods for commercial
vehicle and trailer braking systems
GB 15235 Photometric characteristics of reversing lamps for power-driven
vehicles
GB 15766.1 Lamps for road vehicles - Dimensional electrical and luminous
requirements
GB 17509 Photometric characteristics of direction indicators for motor
vehicles and their trailers
GB 18099 Photometric characteristics of side-marker lamps for motor
vehicles and their trailers
GB 18408 Photometric characteristics of devices for the illumination of rear
registration plates of motor vehicles and their trailers
GB 18409 Photometric characteristics of parking lamps for power-driven
vehicles
GB 21259 Headlamps equipped with gas - discharge light sources for motor
vehicle
GB/T 21260 Headlamp cleaner
GB 21670 Technical requirements and testing methods for passenger car
braking systems
GB 23254 Retro-reflective markings for trucks and trailers
GB 23255 Photometric characteristics of daytime running lamps for power
driven vehicles
GB 25990 Rear-marking plates for vehicles and their trailers
GB 25991 Automotive headlamps with LED light sources and/or LED
modules
GB/T 30036-2013 Adaptive Front-lighting System for Motor Vehicles
GB/T 30511 Photometric characteristics of cornering lamps for motor vehicle
ECE R37 Uniform provisions concerning the approval of filament lamps for
use in approved lamp units of power-driven vehicles and of their trailers
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1 Type test
Carry out a type test on the number and method of installation of external
change of motion state of the vehicle.
3.7 Light source
One or several illuminants, which can be composed of one or more lampshades
and a lamp holder for mechanical and circuit connection.
3.7.1 Replaceable light source
The light source which can be inserted into and removed from the lamp holder
without tools.
3.7.2 Non-replaceable light source
The light source that is fixed in a light source module or lighting unit and can
only be replaced along with the light source module or lighting unit as a whole.
3.7.3 Light source module
The dedicated optical component of a device that contains one or more non-
replaceable light sources. It may have a lamp holder that meets the
requirements for replaceable light sources.
3.7.4 Filament light source
The light source that emits heat and light through the filament itself.
3.7.5 Gas-discharge light source
The light source that emits light through arc discharge.
3.7.6 Light-emitting diode; LED
A solid light source made of semiconductor materials.
3.7.7 LED module
The light source module that contains only LED light source. It may have a lamp
holder that meets the requirements for replaceable light sources.
3.7.8 Objective luminous flux
The luminous flux value specified in the light source standard data page, which
does not include tolerances.
Note 1: Light source standards include GB 15766.1, ECE R37, ECE R99, ECE R128, etc.
Note 2: For LED modules that do not meet the requirements of ECE R128, the objective
indicator lamps, the apparent surface in this definition is replaced by a light emitting
surface.
3.9.3 Combined lamps
The device that has a separate apparent surface, a common light source, and
a common lamp body in the direction of reference axis.
Note: For rear-registration plate illuminating devices and category 5 and 6 direction-
indicator lamps, the apparent surface in this definition is replaced by a light emitting
surface.
3.9.4 Reciprocally incorporated lamps
The device that has a separate light source or single light source (such as
optical, mechanical, and electrical differences) that works in different situations
in the direction of reference axis, and all or part of which has a common
apparent surface and a common lamp body.
Note: For rear-registration plate illuminating devices and category 5 and 6 direction-
indicator lamps, the apparent surface in this definition is replaced by a light emitting
surface.
3.9.5 Single-function lamp
Relevant parts of the device that produce a single lighting or light-signalling
function.
3.9.6 Concealable lamp
The lamp that can be partially or completely hidden by moving the cover, or
lamp, or using other appropriate methods when not in use.
3.9.7 Driving-beam headlamp; main-beam headlamp
The lamp for long-distance road lighting in front of the vehicle.
3.9.8 Passing-beam headlamp; dipped-beam headlamp
The lamp used to illuminate the road in front of the vehicle, which does not
cause glare or discomfort to oncoming drivers and other road users.
3.9.8.1 Principal passing-beam; principal dipped-beam
Passing beam, excluding beams provided by infrared (IR) emitters and/or
additional light sources for corner lighting.
3.9.9 Direction-indicator lamp
bar-trailer, which is used to assist other signal lamps and indicate the presence
of vehicle.
3.9.29 Manoeuvring lamp
The lamp that provides auxiliary lighting for the side of the vehicle when the
vehicle is moving slowly.
3.9.30 Rear-end collision alert signal; RECAS
An automatic signal sent from the front vehicle to the rear vehicle. It is used to
warn the rear vehicle to take urgent action to avoid collision.
3.9.31 Lamps marked “D”
The independent lamps that allow separate use, or for which two lamps are
treated as an assembly as a "single lamp" for type test respectively.
3.10 Light emitting surface
All or part of the outer surface of the transparent material. This surface is
marked by the device manufacturer in the drawings attached to the test. It
should be marked according to the following conditions:
a) In the case that the outer lens is textured, the light emitting surface is all
or part of the surface of the outer lens;
b) In the case that the outer lens has no texture, the outer lens can be ignored.
The light emitting surface shall be marked in the drawing.
Note 1: For examples of light emitting surface, see B.3.1 and B.3.4 in Appendix B.
Note 2: For an example of condition b), see B.3.5.
3.10.1 Textured outer lens; textured outer lens area
All or part of the outer lens, which is designed to affect the propagation of the
light source beam, for example, to cause a significant deviation of light from its
original direction.
3.11 Illuminating surface
Note: See Appendix B for examples of illuminating surface.
3.11.1 Illuminating surface of a lighting device
The vertical projection of the entire aperture of the reflector on a transverse
plane perpendicular to the reference axis; or for a headlamp with an ellipsoidal
According to the manufacturer's requirements, either the vertical projection OF
the boundary of the illuminating surface projected on the outer surface of the
lens ON a plane in a specific observation direction, or the vertical projection of
the light emitting surface on a plane in a specific observation direction. This
plane is perpendicular to the observation direction and is in contact with the
outermost point of the lens.
Note 1: The light-signalling device of variable luminous intensity caused by the variable
intensity control defined by 3.8.3, in all cases allowed by the variable intensity
control, allows its apparent surface to be variable.
Note 2: See Appendix B for examples of apparent surface.
3.13 Axis of reference; reference axis
The characteristic line of lamp specified by the manufacturer, which is used as
the reference direction of the angular field-of-view (H=0°, V=0°) during
photometric measurement and lamp installation.
3.14 Centre of reference
The intersection of the reference axis and the outer surface of the light emitting
surface, which is specified by the lamp manufacturer.
3.15 Angles of geometric visibility
The smallest solid angle visible on the apparent surface of lamp. The solid angle
is determined by a part of the ball. The centre of the ball is located at the centre
of reference of the lamp. The mid-latitude line is parallel to the ground. Based
on the reference axis, the horizontal angle β represents longitude; the vertical
angle α represents latitude.
3.16 Extreme outer edge
The plane parallel to the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle and in
contact with the outer edge of the vehicle. Except for the following protrusions:
- The contact (deformed) part of the tire with the ground and the connector
of the tire pressure sensor;
- Various anti-skid devices on the tire;
- Rearview mirror (indirect field of vision device);
- Side direction-indicator lamps, end-outline marker lamps, front and rear
position lamps, parking lamps, retro-reflectors, and side marker lamps;
and the side marker lamp, the reference axis shall be perpendicular to the
longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle; the reference axis of all other light-
signalling devices shall be parallel to it. The tolerance in each direction is ±3°.
If the manufacturer has special installation instructions, they shall also be
followed.
4.4 If there is no special instruction, when inspecting the installation height and
direction of the lamps, the vehicle under test shall be unladen and placed on a
level ground. The vehicle shall be in the state defined in 3.26. AFS shall be in a
neutral state.
4.5 The installation requirements for paired lamps shall meet the following:
a) Relative to the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle, mounted
symmetrically on the vehicle (determined by the lamp shape, not the edge
of the illuminating surface defined in 3.11).
b) Relative to the longitudinal symmetry plane, they are symmetrical to each
other, excluding the internal structure of the lamps.
c) MEET the same chromaticity requirements and photometric requirements.
This subclause does not apply to matched-pair F3-class front fog lamps.
4.6 For vehicles with asymmetrical shapes, the requirements of 4.5 shall also
be met as far as possible.
4.7 A single lamp, grouped lamps, combined lamps, and reciprocally
incorporated lamps shall meet the following requirements:
a) The lamps, in accordance with their respective light colors, installation
positions, orientations, geometric visibility, circuit connections, and other
requirements, can be grouped, combined, or incorporated with each other.
It shall meet the following requirements:
1) When other grouped, combined, or reciprocally incorporated lamps are
turned off, the lamps shall meet their photometric and chromaticity
requirements. For the case where the front position lamp or the rear
position lamp is mixed with one or more functions and working at the
same time, it shall be ensured that, when the function and the front
position lamp/rear position lamp are turned on at the same time, the
chromaticity requirements of the function are met.
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