GB 23254-2009 English PDF

Delivery: 2 working-hours manually (Sales@ChineseStandard.net)
Need delivered in 3-second? USA-Site: GB 23254-2009
Get Quotation: Click GB 23254-2009 (Self-service in 1-minute)
Historical versions (Master-website): GB 23254-2009
Preview True-PDF (Reload/Scroll-down if blank)

GB 23254-2009: Retro-reflective markings for trucks and trailers
GB 23254-2009
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE?€?S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.040.20
T 38
Retro-reflective markings for trucks and trailers
ISSUED ON. MARCH 06, 2009
IMPLEMENTED ON. JULY 01, 2009
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the People's Republic of China;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 Requirements... 5
5 Test methods ... 12
6 Inspection rules ... 17
7 Packaging and marking ... 19
Annex A (normative) Attaching examples of retro-reflective sheeting materials
of some typical vehicles ... 20
Retro-reflective markings for trucks and trailers
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the requirements (including material requirements and
attaching requirements), test methods, inspection rules, packaging, marking
and storage of retro-reflective markings of carriage.
This Standard applies to trucks and trailers and is not applicable to vehicles
that transport explosives and highly toxic chemicals on the road.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain the provisions which, through reference in this
Standard, become the provisions of this Standard. For dated references, their
subsequent amendments (excluding corrigendum) or revisions do not apply to
this Standard. However, the parties who enter into agreement based on this
Standard are encouraged to investigate whether the latest versions of these
documents are applicable. For undated reference documents, the latest
versions apply to this Standard.
GB/T 2423.17 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products -
Part 2. Test method - Test Ka. Salt mist (GB/T 2423.17-2008, IEC 60068-2-
11.1981, Basic environmental testing procedures - Part 2. Tests - Test Ka.
Salt mist, IDT)
GB/T 3681 Plastics - Test method of exposure to weathering (GB/T 3681-
2000, neq ISO 877.1994)
GB/T 3730.1 Motor vehicles and trailers - Types - Terms and definitions
GB/T 3978 Standard illuminants and geometric conditions
GB/T 3979 Methods for the measurement of object color
GB 4785 Prescription for installation of the external lighting and light-
signalling devices for motor vehicles and their trailers
GB 11564 Retro-reflector device for motor vehicles
GB/T 18833-2002 Retro-reflective sheeting for road traffic signs
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this Standard, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T
3730.1, GB 11564 and GB/T 18833-2002 and the following apply.
3.1
retro-reflective markings of carriage
A combination of retro-reflective materials that are attached or affixed to the
surface of carriage to enhance the recognizability of the vehicle.
3.2
luminance factor
A ratio of the luminance of the sample to the luminance of the ideal diffuser
under the same illumination and viewing conditions.
4 Requirements
4.1 Material requirements
4.1.1 Classification
According to different materials of retro-reflective markings of carriage, it is
divided into retro-reflector device type retro-reflective markings of carriage
(hereinafter referred to as retro-reflector device type) and retro-reflective
sheeting type retro-reflective markings of carriage (hereinafter referred to as
retro-reflective sheeting type).
According to different coefficients of retroreflection, retro-reflective sheeting is
classified into Class I and Class II.
4.1.2 Retro-reflector device type
Retro-reflector device consists of white and red units, and all the performances
shall meet the requirements of Category IV A in GB 11564.
4.1.3 Retro-reflective sheeting type
4.1.3.1 Shape and appearance requirements
Retro-reflective sheeting consists of strips of white and red units.
The white unit of retro-reflective sheeting shall be printed, watermarked, laser-
Arbitrarily select 5 red units and 5 white units, wherein the coefficient of
retroreflection R?€? of any one unit of the same color shall not be greater than
120 % of the average value of the coefficient of retroreflection of all the units of
the same color, and shall not be less than 80 % of the average value of the
coefficient of retroreflection of all the units.
4.1.3.4.3 Retroreflection in wet state
Under the condition that the observation angle is 12' and the entrance angle is
-4??, the coefficient of retroreflection R?€? of retro-reflective sheeting in wet state
shall not be less than 80 % of the values specified in Table 2.
4.1.3.5 Weather resistance
After the natural exposure test or the artificial climate accelerated aging test,
the surface of retro-reflective sheeting shall have no obvious cracks, nicks,
dents, bubbles, wrinkles, erosion, peeling, chalking or deformation, no
shrinkage or expansion of more than 1 mm from either side, and no degumming
from the edge of the bottom plate. Under the condition where the observation
angle is 12' and the entrance angle is -4??, the coefficient of retroreflection R?€?
shall not be less than 70 % of the corresponding value in Table 2, and the
chromaticity coordinates shall still be within the range specified in Table 1.
When the results of the natural exposure test conflict with the results of the
artificial climate accelerated aging test, the results of the natural exposure test
shall prevail.
4.1.3.6 Adhesion performance
After the adhesion test, the 180?? peel strength of retro-reflective sheeting
backing shall not be less than 25 N.
4.1.3.7 Salt mist corrosion resistance
After the salt mist test, the retro-reflective sheeting shall not have signs of
softening, bubbles, wrinkles, dissolution, discoloration or erosion. Under the
condition where the observation angle is 12' and the entrance angle is -4??, the
coefficient of retroreflection R?€? shall not be less than 70 % of the corresponding
value in Table 2, and the 180?? peel strength of the backing measured according
to the method specified in 5.2.7 shall not be less than 20 N.
4.1.3.8 Solvent resistance
After the solvent resistance test, the surface of the retro-reflective sheeting shall
not have signs of softening, wrinkles, bubbles, discoloration, cracking or
surface edge dissolution. Under the condition where the observation angle is
12' and the entrance angle is -4??, the coefficient of retroreflection R?€? shall not
device for motor vehicles installed as required by GB 4785.
4.2.1.4 Different types or classes of retro-reflective markings of carriage may
be installed or attached to the rear and sides of the carriage, but the rear retro-
reflective markings of carriage and side retro-reflective markings of carriage
shall be selected from the same type or class of retro-reflective markings of
carriage.
4.2.1.5 When installing or attaching, the retro-reflective markings on the rear
and side of carriage shall start with a white unit and end with a white unit.
4.2.1.6 After the vehicle is installed or attached with retro-reflective markings of
carriage, it shall not affect the performance of other lighting and signalling
devices of the vehicle.
4.2.1.7 After the vehicle is installed or attached with retro-reflective markings of
carriage, it shall not drill or slot on the retro-reflective markings of carriage.
4.2.2 Installation and attaching requirements for rear retro-reflective
markings of carriage
4.2.2.1 Basic requirements
Under the conditions allowed by the structure, the rear retro-reflective markings
of carriage shall be vertical symmetrically distributed and reflect the width and
contour of the rear of the vehicle as much as possible. The horizontal
installation or attaching total length (excluding the spacing) shall not be less
than 80 % of the width of the rear of the vehicle. After meeting the above
requirements, the van truck shall use retro-reflective markings of carriage to
outline the rear of the carriage. When the attaching area of other vehicles does
not meet the specified requirements, the width of the rear of the vehicle shall
be reflected first, and then the method of contouring shall be used to
compensate.
The height of the retro-reflective markings of carriage from the ground is at least
380 mm.
4.2.2.2 Retro-reflective sheeting type
When Class I retro-reflective sheeting is used, the sum of its area and the area
of rear retro-reflector device shall not be less than 0.1 m2; when Class II retro-
reflective sheeting is used, the sum of its area and the area of rear retro-
reflector device shall not be less than 0.2 m2.
The attaching is allowed to be interrupted, but the length of each continuous
section shall not be less than 300 mm, and shall contain at least respectively
one red and white unit of retro-reflective markings of carriage. The red and
side of the carriage to be blocked.
4.2.4 Supplementary requirements for installation and attaching of
special purpose vehicles
For some special purpose vehicles, there is no continuous plane except for the
carriage structure outside the cab. When the requirements of 4.2.2 are not met,
the total length of the retro-reflective markings of carriage installed or attached
at the rear of the vehicle may be less than 80 % of the width of the rear of the
vehicle, but it shall be able to reflect the width of the rear of the vehicle; when
the requirements of 4.2.3 are not met, the total length of the retro-reflective
markings of carriage may be less than 50 % of the length of the vehicle, but it
shall not less than 30 % of the length of the vehicle, and the opening interval is
not limited.
The retro-reflective markings of carriage of such vehicles shall be attached to
the guards or the fixing members of the carriage as much as possible.
4.2.5 Other installation and attaching requirements
As far as possible, select a flat carriage surface to attach the retro-reflective
sheeting. Before attaching, clean the attaching position.
The retro-reflective sheeting shall be firmly and reliably attached to the surface
of the carriage. It shall be coordinated with the appearance of the vehicle after
attaching. When the structure allows, it shall be attached horizontally or
vertically. When the retro-reflective sheeting cannot be directly attached to the
surface of the carriage, the retro-reflective sheeting shall be attached first to the
strip lining with certain rigidity, strength and anti-aging, and then firmly adhered
or riveted to the carriage. The rivet holes for fixing strip lining must be
waterproof and dustproof.
After attaching, the edge of the retro-reflective sheeting shall be waterproof and
dustproof.
4.2.6 Attaching examples
Annex A gives the retro-reflective sheeting attaching styles of some typical
vehicles. The installation or attaching of retro-reflector device may also refer to
Annex A.
5 Test methods
5.1 Retro-reflector device type
The performance test of retro-reflector device is carried out in accordance with
18833-2002, where.
a) The light source adopts the standard A light source specified in GB/T 3978,
and the vertical illuminance unevenness of the entire illuminated area of
the sample shall not exceed 5 %.
b) The photodetector is an illuminometer that is corrected by the spectral
optical efficiency curve.
c) The photodetector shall be able to move to ensure that the viewing angle
varies within a certain range.
5.2.5.2 Test method
MEASURE the coefficient of retroreflection R' of retro-reflective sheeting in the
0?? and 90?? directions according to the illumination observation geometric
conditions specified in Table 1 and the method specified in 7.4.1 of GB/T 18833-
2002. Uniformly select at least 5 measurement areas or measurement points
for each color unit, the average value of which is the coefficient of retroreflection
R' in the 0?? or 90?? direction of the color unit.
5.2.5.3 Retroreflection uniformity test
According to the above-mentioned method, under the condition where the
observation angle is 12' and the entrance angle is -4??, the coefficient of
retroreflection R' of five red and white units is tested, and the average value of
the coefficients of retroreflection of all the units of the same color is calculated.
5.2.5.4 Retroreflective test in wet state
Test according to the apparatus and method specified in 7.4.2 of GB/T 18833-
2002.
5.2.6 Weather resistance test
5.2.6.1 Natural exposure test
According to GB/T 3681, install two test samples of red and white units on the
exposure frame at least 1 m above the ground. The test samples face the south
and the angle with the horizontal plane is 45??. The surface of the test samples
shall not be blocked by other objects, and shall not accumulate water. The
choice of exposure location is as close as possible to the actual use
environment or to the most severe place of a certain climate type.
The natural exposure test is for 2 years. After the test samples begin to be
exposed to the sun, carry out the surface inspection every month, and once
every three months after one year, until the end. After the natural exposure test
contact with the outer surface of the round bar, RELEASE the sample, CHECK
and RECORD the test results.
5.2.13 Water immersion test
IMMERSE respectively one test sample of red and white unit in water at 50 ??C
?? 5 ??C for 24 h. The highest point of the upper surface of the retro-reflective
surface shall be 20 mm below the water surface. Reverse the test samples by
180??, IMMERSE them for 24 h, TAKE OUT, CHECK and RECORD the test
results.
5.2.14 Washing resistance test
5.2.14.1 Test sample
A 50 mm ?? 1000 mm red and white retro-reflective sheeting is attached to the
middle of the paint surface of the steel plate. The dimension of the steel plate
is 1200 mm ?? 500 mm ?? 2 mm, and the paint film thickness of the steel plate is
45 ??m ~ 55 ??m. After being placed in the environment specified in 5.2.1 for 24
h, carry out the test.
5.2.14.2 Test method
Wash the sample from any angle with a high-pressure wate...