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GB 13094-2017: [Including 2023XG1] The safety requirements for bus construction
GB 13094-2017
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE?€?S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.020
T 09
Replacing GB 13094-2007, GB 18986-2003, GB/T 19950-2005
The safety requirements for bus construction
ISSUED ON: OCTOBER 14, 2017
IMPLEMENTED ON: JANUARY 01, 2018
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4??
1 Scope ... 12??
2 Normative references ... 12??
3 Terms and definitions ... 12??
4 Requirements ... 18??
4.1 General requirements... 18??
4.2 Axle load and passenger area ... 18??
4.3 Roll stability ... 20??
4.4 Fire prevention measures ... 21??
4.5 Exit ... 25??
4.6 Interior layout... 41??
4.7 Interior lighting ... 64??
4.8 Articulated section of articulated bus ... 64??
4.9 Directional maintenance of articulated buses ... 65??
4.10 Passenger handrails and handles ... 65??
4.11 Protection of stepping area ... 68??
4.12 Crew member protection ... 68??
4.13 Movable cover ... 69??
4.14 Visual entertainment device ... 69??
4.15 Sign of luggage mass ... 69??
4.16 Ventilation in compartment ... 70??
4.17 Trolleybus ... 70??
4.18 Transition period requirements for the implementation of this standard ... 70??
Appendix A (Normative) Additional technical requirements for providing
convenient facilities for wheelchair users ... 71??
Appendix B (Normative) Verification of static roll limit calculation ... 87??
Appendix C (Normative) Measurement of closing force of power operated
service door and reaction force of power operated ramp ... 88??
Appendix D (Normative) Additional technical requirements for trolleybuses .. 92??
References ... 99??
The safety requirements for bus construction
1 Scope
This standard specifies the safety requirements for bus constructions.
This standard applies to category M2 and M3 buses, including trolleybuses.
This standard does not apply to sleeper buses, special school buses, special
buses and non-road buses.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For
the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable
to this document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including
all the amendments) are applicable to this standard.
GB/T 2408-2008 Plastics - Determination of burning characteristics -
Horizontal and vertical test
GB/T 3730.2-1996 Road vehicle - Masses - Vocabulary and codes
GB/T 4780-2000 Terms for motor vehicle body
GB 8410-2006 Flammability of automotive interior materials
GB/T 12428-2005 Laden mass calculating method for buses
GB 14166 Safety-belts, restraint systems, child restraint systems and
ISOFIX child restraint systems for occupants of power-driven vehicles
GB 14167 Safety-belt anchorages, ISOFIX anchorages systems and ISOFIX
top tether anchorages for vehicles
GB/T 15089 Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers
GB 30678 Safety signs and information symbols for the use of bus
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions as defined in GB/T 3730.2-1996, GB/T 4780-2000,
GB/T 15089 as well as the following terms and definitions apply to this
crew member (if there is a seat for the crew) (75 kg/person).
3.33
"Front" and "rear"
In front of or behind the vehicle in the normal driving direction.
4 Requirements
4.1 General requirements
4.1.1 If the bus belongs to more than one class of class A, class B, class I, Class
II, and class III at the same time, the bus shall comply with the corresponding
provisions of this standard according to each class to which it belongs.
4.1.2 If no special provisions are made, the measurement in this standard shall
performed on the bus at the mass of vehicle in running order (the crew members
are seated or with corresponding counterweight) which is parked on a flat level.
The adjustable backrest angle of the passenger seat and the driver's seat as
well as the other adjustments shall be at the design reference position as
specified by the manufacturer. If it is equipped with a kneeling system, it shall
be set at the normal height when the bus is traveling.
4.1.3 The provisions of this standard require that a certain surface in the bus
shall be horizontal or at a certain angle at the mass of vehicle in running order.
For buses that use mechanical suspension, as long as the bus can meet the
requirements under the loading conditions declared by the manufacturer, the
surface can be inclined or exceed the specified angle at the mass of vehicle in
running order. If the bus is equipped with a kneeling system, the system shall
not be in working condition.
4.1.4 Buses that provide convenient facilities for wheelchair users shall comply
with the provisions of Appendix A.
4.2 Axle load and passenger area
4.2.1 Axle load
When the bus is at the mass of vehicle in running order and the maximum
design total mass state, the percentage of the load on the front axle and the
mass of the vehicle under the corresponding load state shall be greater than or
equal to the provisions in Table 1.
- The projected area of the space reserved for wheelchair users only.
4.2.2.3 Minimum number of seats
For class I, class II and class A buses, the number of passenger seats on each
floor shall be at least equal to the floor area (in square meters) for passengers
and crew member (if any) on this floor, after rounding off to the nearest integer.
In class I vehicles (excluding the upper deck of double-deck buses), the number
of passenger seats shall not be less than 90% of this integer.
4.3 Roll stability
4.3.1 The test platform for the parking of buses shall be inclined to the left and
right by 28?? from the horizontal position, the bus shall not roll over.
4.3.2 When carrying out the stability test, the bus shall be at the mass of the
bus in running order, meanwhile the load shall be configured as follows:
a) The load on each seat (for double-deck buses, only on the seats at upper
deck) is 65 kg (68 kg for class B, class II or class III buses and 75 kg for
crew members). For class I, II or class A single-deck buses, the
corresponding load of 65 kg for standing passengers (68 kg for
passengers of class II buses) shall be evenly distributed in the
corresponding standing area, meanwhile the height of center of mass is
875 mm above the floor. If the bus is equipped with an outer roof rack, it
shall be uniformly loaded according to the mass specified by the
manufacturer (the value is greater than or equal to R ?? Vx) and fixed firmly.
There shall be no luggage in the luggage rack and luggage compartment.
Among them, the values of R and Vx are checked according to GB/T
12428-2005.
b) If the bus is designed to carry one or more wheelchairs, the wheelchair
area shall be loaded as follows:
1) For the area reserved for wheelchair users in accordance with A.7.4,
the sum of the mass of the wheelchair and its users is 250 kg,
meanwhile the center of mass is located 500 mm above the center floor
of each wheelchair space;
2) For class III and class B vehicles, if seats are installed in the area, the
seats are loaded according to the passenger mass of the
corresponding class of seat;
3) For class A, class I and class II buses, if seats are installed in the area,
the seats are loaded according to the mass of seat passengers of the
4.4.2 Fuel tank
4.4.2.1 The fuel tank shall be fixed firmly. Its installation position shall be
protected by the body structure in the event of a front or rear collision of the bus.
At the same time, any part of the fuel tank shall be greater than or equal to 600
mm from the front end of the bus, greater than or equal to 300 mm from the
rear end of the bus. For the class III bus which has rear positioned engine, the
front-end face of the fuel tank shall be behind the front axle.
4.4.2.2 No part of the fuel tank shall protrude beyond the total bus width.
4.4.2.3 The filling port of the fuel tank shall only be used from outside the vehicle;
it shall not be located where fuel may splash onto the engine or exhaust system
when refueling. For buses longer than 7 m, the distance from the filling port and
to the service door or emergency door shall be greater than or equal to 500 mm
(for gasoline tank) or 250 mm (for diesel tank). The filling port and vent of the
fuel tank of a bus with a length greater than 6 m shall be more than 300 mm
away from any part of the exhaust pipe.
4.4.2.4 If the fuel filling port is located on the side of the bus, when the filling
port?€?s cap is applied, it shall not protrude beyond the adjacent body surface.
4.4.2.5 The filler cap shall not be opened accidentally.
4.4.3 Fuel supply system
4.4.3.1 The fuel supply system shall not be installed in the driving area or
passenger area.
4.4.3.2 The fuel pipes and other components of the fuel supply system shall be
reasonably arranged and reliably protected.
4.4.3.3 The torsion, bending and vibration of the body structure or power
assembly shall not put the oil supply pipeline in an abnormally stressed state.
4.4.3.4 When the rigid parts of the fuel supply system are combined with flexible
piping, it shall be ensured that there will be no leakage under various operating
conditions of the bus.
4.4.3.5 Once any part of the fuel supply system has a fuel leak, it shall flow
smoothly to the ground; it shall not drip onto the exhaust system or high-voltage
electrical equipment.
4.4.4 Electrical equipment and conductors
4.4.4.1 The conductor shall have good insulation properties. Electrical
equipment and conductors shall be able to withstand the ambient temperature
and humidity, especially the temperature in the engine compartment and the
4.4.6.1 The materials within 100 mm around the exhaust system, high-voltage
electrical equipment and other obvious heat sources shall be able to withstand
the high temperatures that may be encountered, otherwise they shall be
effectively shielded, to prevent grease or other combustible materials from
coming into contact with them.
4.4.6.2 The flame-retardancy of the interior decoration materials of the bus is
tested according to the method of GB 8410-2006; its horizontal burning speed
shall be less than or equal to 70 mm/min.
4.4.6.3 The engine compartment shall use sound insulation and thermal
insulation materials with flame retardant performance that meets the
requirements of class A as specified in 4.6 of GB 8410-2006. It shall not use
easily immersed fuel, lubricating oil or other flammable materials without
impervious covers.
4.4.7 Fire monitoring and fire extinguishing facilities
4.4.7.1 Buses shall be equipped with an alarm system that can monitor the high
temperature or smoke in the compartment.
4.4.7.2 If the engine compartment is located behind the driving area, a
temperature alarm system shall be configured, to issue an alarm when the
temperature is too high in the engine compartment and other cabins equipped
with gas/fuel heaters. The monitoring area shall include components that may
come into contact with leaking flammable fluids (including liquids or gases) and
whose operating temperature (including temperature at failure) is higher than
the ignition point of the fluid.
4.4.7.3 The alarm system as specified in 4.4.7.1 and 4.4.7.2 shall provide the
driver with an audible or visual alarm signal in the driving area.
4.4.7.4 Once the engine is started, the alarm system shall be in working
condition.
4.4.7.5 The space for one or more fire extinguishers shall be provided, one of
which is placed close to the driving seat. On class A or class B buses, the space
for each required fire extinguisher shall not be less than 8 ?? 106 mm3; for class
I, class II or class III buses, the required space shall not be less than 15 ?? 106
mm3. For double-deck buses, additional space for fire extinguishers shall be
provided on the upper deck.
4.4.7.6 The fire extinguisher shall be easily accessible in emergency situations;
its installation location shall be clearly visible or clearly marked.
service door). It shall meet the following requirements:
a) On class I and class II double-deck buses, if there are more than 50
passengers on the upper deck, there shall be at least 2
intercommunication staircases or 1 intercommunication staircases and 1
half staircase;
b) On a class III double-deck bus, if there are more than 30 passengers on
the upper deck, there shall be at least 2 intercommunication staircases or
1 intercommunication staircases and 1 half staircase.
4.5.2 Exit location
4.5.2.1 The service door shall be located on the right side of the bus, at least
one of the service doors shall be located on the front half of the bus. However,
the following doors can be set:
a) A door (non-service door) for wheelchair passengers is provided in the
rear or side wall;
b) A service door is set in the rear wall, which can be used by passengers
when special needs;
c) For buses designed for passengers to get on/off from left side, such as
those that only need to get on/off from left side due to the location of the
platform, service doors can be provided only on the left. For buses
designed for passengers to get on/off from both sides, such as the buses
that need to run not only along the dedicated lane for public bus as
provided along the central lane of the road but also along the ordinary
road, it may set one or more service doors at the left side; however, it shall
ensure that when the service door at one side is opened, the service door
at the other side shall be reliably locked simultaneously;
d) A service door is provided in the back of the class A or class B bus.
4.5.2.2 If the passenger area S0 is greater than or equal to 10 m2, the two
service doors specified in 4.5.1.1 shall be provided separately. For single-deck
buses (except for class A, class I, and class II buses whose service doors are
on the left), the distance between the horizontal vertical planes passing through ...