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GB 18285-2018: Limits and measurement methods for emissions from gasoline vehicles under two-speed idle conditions and short driving mode conditions
GB 18285-2018
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE?€?S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS
Replacing GB 18285-2005, HJ/T 240-2005
Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions from
Gasoline Vehicles under Two-speed Idle Conditions and
Short Driving Mode Conditions
ISSUED ON: SEPTEMBER 27, 2018
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 1, 2019
Issued by: Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People?€?s Republic of China;
State Administration for Market Regulation.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4??
1 Scope ... 6??
2 Normative References ... 6??
3 Terms and Definitions ... 7??
4 Inspection Items ... 10??
5 Inspection Procedures and Requirements ... 11??
6 Appearance Inspection ... 15??
7 On-board Diagnostic (OBD) System Inspection ... 15??
8 Exhaust Pollutant Detection ... 16??
9 Requirements for Data Recording, Storage and Submission ... 19??
10 Emission Monitoring of In-use Vehicles ... 20??
11 Implementation of the Standard ... 21??
Appendix A (normative) Two-speed Idle Conditions ... 23??
Appendix AA (normative) Technical Conditions of Two-speed Idle Emission Test
Instrument ... 28??
Appendix B (normative) Steady-state Loaded Mode ... 35??
Appendix BA (normative) Stipulations on the Loading of Chassis Dynamometer
... 61??
Appendix BB (normative) Requirements for Daily Inspection of Test Equipment
... 63??
Appendix BC (normative) Requirements for Detection Software ... 70??
Appendix BD (normative) Inspection Data Items of Steady-state Loaded Mode
... 78??
Appendix C (normative) Transient Loaded Mode ... 80??
Appendix D (normative) Simple Transient Loaded Mode ... 113??
Appendix DA (normative) Requirements for Daily Inspection of Test Equipment
... 145??
Appendix DB (normative) Requirements for Detection Software ... 153??
Appendix DC (normative) Inspection Data Items of Simple Transient Loaded
Mode... 161??
Appendix E (normative) Inspection of Fuel Evaporative Emission Control
System ... 164??
Appendix F (normative) On-board Diagnostic (OBD) System Inspection
Procedures ... 167??
Appendix FA (normative) Technical Requirements for OBD Diagnostic
Instrument ... 172??
Appendix FB (normative) OBD Inspection Data Items ... 175??
Appendix G (normative) Inspection Reports ... 177??
Appendix H (normative) Real-time Submitted Data Items ... 188??
Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions from
Gasoline Vehicles under Two-speed Idle Conditions and
Short Driving Mode Conditions
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the limits and measurement methods for emissions from gasoline
vehicles under two-speed idle conditions, steady-state loaded mode, transient loaded mode and
simple transient loaded mode. Meanwhile, this Standard also specifies the methods and
determination bases for the appearance inspection, OBD inspection and evaporative emission
control system detection of gasoline vehicles.
This Standard is applicable to the inspection for new produced vehicle at end of production line,
inspection for register vehicle and inspection for in-use vehicle. This Standard also applies to
other vehicles equipped with ignition engines.
2 Normative References
The clauses of the following documents become clauses of this Standard through the references
in this Standard. In terms of references without a specified date, the latest version is applicable
to this Standard.
GB 5181-2001 Automotive Emission - Terms and Definitions
GB 14762-2008 Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from Gasoline
Engines of Heavy-duty Vehicles (III, IV)
GB/T 15089-2001 Classification of Power-driven Vehicles and Trailers
GB 17691 Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from Compression Ignition
and Gas Fueled Positive Ignition Engines of Vehicles
GB 17691-2018 Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions from Diesel Fueled Heavy-
duty Vehicles (China VI)
GB 17930 Gasoline for Motor Vehicles
GB 18047 Compressed Natural Gas as Vehicle Fuel
GB 18352 Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions from Light-duty Vehicles
GB 19159 Automotive Liquefied Petroleum Gases
6 Appearance Inspection
6.1 Inspection for New Produced Vehicle at End of Production Line
6.1.1 Check whether the pollution control device of the vehicle is consistent with the content
of the accompanying list of environmental protection information.
6.2 Registration
6.2.1 Check whether the content of the accompanying list of environmental protection
information is consistent with the information disclosure.
6.2.2 Check whether the pollution control device of the vehicle is consistent with the
accompanying list of environmental protection information.
6.3 In-use Vehicle
6.3.1 Check whether the condition of the vehicle under inspection is normal. If there is any
abnormality, the owner shall be requested to repair it.
6.3.2 Check whether the vehicle manifests engine oil burning or serious emission of black
smoke. If so, the owner shall be requested to repair it.
6.3.3 Check whether the connection of the connecting pipes of the evaporative emission control
system is correct and complete. If ageing, fracturing, damage or blockage is found, the owner
shall be requested to repair it. This inspection is not required for mono-fuel vehicles.
6.3.4 Check whether the appearance of the engine exhaust pipe, exhaust muffler and exhaust
post-treatment device, and whether the installation and fastening parts are in good condition. If
corrosion, air leakage, damage or looseness is found, the owner shall be requested to repair it.
6.3.5 Check whether the vehicle is equipped with an OBD system.
6.3.6 Determine whether the vehicle is suitable for the simple driving mode detection, if not
(such as: full-time four-wheel drive and timely four-wheel drive that cannot manually switch
the two-wheel drive mode), it shall be marked. If the simple driving mode detection is
conducted, it shall be confirmed whether there is foreign matter on the surface of the vehicle
tires.
6.3.7 During the inspection for altered registration and transferred registration, check whether
the pollution control device is in good condition.
7 On-board Diagnostic (OBD) System Inspection
7.1 New Produced Vehicle at End of Production Line
7.1.1 Automobile manufacturers shall check the communication of the OBD system of each
vehicle and confirm that the communication of the OBD system is properly working before it
exits the factory.
7.2 Registration
7.2.1 Check whether the OBD interface of the vehicle satisfies the specified requirements,
whether the OBD communication is normal, and whether there is a fault code.
7.3 In-use Vehicle
7.3.1 For in-use vehicles equipped with the OBD system, after completing the appearance
inspection, the OBD diagnostic instrument shall be connected for OBD inspection. During the
subsequent pollutant emission inspection, the OBD diagnostic instrument must not be
disconnected.
7.3.2 The OBD inspection items include: fault indicator status, fault indicator status actually
read by the diagnostic instrument, fault code, traveled distance after the MIL light is on and
diagnostic readiness value. The specific inspection procedures shall comply with the
stipulations of Appendix F.
7.3.3 If the fault indicator fault (including circuit fault), fault indicator activation,
communication fault between the vehicle and the OBD diagnostic instrument, and instrument
panel fault indicator status of the vehicle are inconsistent with the fault indicator status recorded
in ECU, the vehicle shall be determined as disqualified in the OBD inspection. If more than 2
items of diagnostic readiness are not completed, the owner shall be requested to conduct a re-
inspection after the vehicle has been fully driven.
7.3.4 The inspection institution shall use the computer data management system to store the
OBD data of all inspected vehicles, and must not tamper with the data.
7.3.5 The OBD diagnostic instrument shall be able to implement real-time automatic
transmission of OBD inspection data. As part of the emission inspection, the information
obtained by the OBD shall be automatically saved to the computer system.
7.3.6 For in-use vehicles that require the allocation of an on-board remote emission
management terminal, check whether the communication of the device is normal.
7.3.7 If the pollution control device of the vehicle is removed, and the OBD fault indicator light
does not light up to issue an alarm, the OBD of the vehicle shall be deemed to be disqualified.
8 Exhaust Pollutant Detection
8.1 Emission Limits and Measurement Methods
8.1.1 New Produced Vehicle at End of Production Line
Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C, Appendix D, Appendix F and Appendix H.
If the exhaust detection result is negative or zero, it shall be recorded as ?€?not detected?€?.
9.2 The inspection institution shall transmit inspection information in real time to the competent
department of ecological environment.
9.3 The lower-level competent department of ecological environment shall submit the
inspection information to the higher-level competent department of ecological environment in
real time or on a regular basis in accordance with the contents specified in Appendix G and
Appendix H.
9.4 The storage life of paper files of the inspection reports shall be no less than 6 years; the
storage life of electronic files shall be no less than 10 years.
9.5 During the inspection (including OBD inspection), if it is found that the emission of a certain
vehicle model intensively exceeds the standard, the competent department of ecological
environment shall properly keep records and collect evidences; fill in the Environmental
Protection Inspection Record Form for Concentrated Excessive Vehicle Models (Appendix G)
and submit it to the competent department of ecological environment of the State Council.
Meanwhile, the recorded information shall be reported to the higher-level competent
department of ecological environment, as well as the public security traffic management
department and the market supervision department at the same level.
9.6 The inspection information of the automobile manufacturers at end of production line shall
be automatically detected, recorded, transmitted and stored in real time through the computer
system, and shall be submitted online to the competent department of ecological environment
of the State Council.
9.7 The inspection information of imported vehicles at end of production line shall be submitted
to the competent department of ecological environment of the State Council before entry.
10 Emission Monitoring of In-use Vehicles
10.1 Since the date of implementation of this Standard, the emission inspection of in-use
vehicles (including regular emission inspection and supervisory sampling inspection) shall
comply with the requirements of this Standard.
10.1.1 The exhaust detection of in-use vehicles shall comply with Limit a specified in this
Standard. For cities with more than 5 million vehicle ownerships, or where the pollutants
emitted by motor vehicles are the primary source of local air pollution, or where low-emission
control zones are set up pursuant to laws and regulations, on the basis of thoroughly soliciting
opinions from all sectors of society, after being approved by the provincial people?€?s government
and the competent department of ecological environment of the State Council, Limit b may be
selected in advanced, but a sufficient transition period for implementation shall be set.
10.1.2 In principle, the same detection method shall be adopted in the same province. The
detection results using different methods specified in this Standard shall be mutually recognized
by all regions. For cross-regional detection, if there is an enforcement of Limit b in the vehicle
registration state or detection site, then, the requirements of Limit b shall be abided by. For the
measurement methods, the measurement method specified by the detection site is allowed.
The provincial competent department of ecological environment may adopt the method
specified in Appendix E for the detection of the evaporative emission control system of the
vehicle in accordance with condition of ozone pollution.
10.1.3 Vehicles shall use the specified vehicle oil products and be maintained as required. For
vehicles with disqualified results in the first inspection, after maintenance, the detection method
of the first environmental protection inspection shall be adopted for re-inspection.
10.2 The supervisory sampling inspection of in-use vehicles by the competent department of
ecological environment at or above the county level may be carried out in centralized parking
areas and maintenance areas of the motor vehicles, and on actual roads. The content of the
sampling inspection may include exhaust detection and OBD inspection, and inspection of
pollution control devices and accompanying lists, etc.
When the two-speed idle conditions are used for the supervisory sampling inspection of the
vehicle, 1.1 times of the limit specified in this Standard may be adopted for determination.
10.3 The registration inspection shall include appearance inspection, OBD inspection and
exhaust detection. Vehicles that comply with the inspection exemption shall comply with the
relevant regulations on inspection exemption. The environmental protection inspection for
vehicles with altered registration or transferred registration shall be conducted in accordance
with the regulations of the local government, but at least the inspection of pollution control
devices and the OBD inspection (if applicable) shall be conducted.
10.4 For vehicles that are equipped with the on-board remote emission management terminal
and submit the emission-related data to the competent department of ecological environment in
real time as required, the provincial competent department of ecological environment may
exempt them from the environmental protection online inspection in accordance with the
submitted data.
11 Implementation of the Standard
11.1 This Standard shall be implemented since May 1, 2019. The periodic environmental
protection inspection...