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GB 15083-2019: Strength requirement and test method of automobile seats, their anchorages and any head restraints
GB 15083-2019
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE?€?S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.040.60
T 26
Replacing GB 15083-2006
Strength requirement and test method of automobile
seats, their anchorages and any head restraints
ISSUED ON: OCTOBER 14, 2019
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 01, 2020
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3??
1 Scope ... 5??
2 Normative references ... 5??
3 Terms and definitions ... 6??
4 Technical requirements ... 9??
5 Test methods ... 16??
6 Date of implementation ... 21??
Annex A (normative) Energy absorption test procedures ... 22??
Annex B (normative) Test method for luggage displacement passenger
protection device ... 25??
Annex C (normative) Test methods for seat anchorage, adjustment system,
locking system and displacement system ... 30??
Annex D (normative) Detailed description of measurement during test ... 32??
Annex E (normative) Determinations of height and width of head restraint ... 34??
Annex F (normative) Determination of clearance size of head restraint ?€?a?€? ... 36??
Annex G (informative) Test groups ... 38??
Strength requirement and test method of automobile
seats, their anchorages and any head restraints
1 Scope
This Standard specifies terms and definitions, technical requirements and test
methods for automobile seats, their anchorages and any head restraints.
This Standard is applicable to:
a) Types M1 and N automobile seats, their anchorages and any head
restraints;
b) Types M2 and M3 automobile seats, their anchorages and any head
restraints not involved in GB 13057;
c) Design of seat backrest parts of type M1 automobile as well as design of
the device that is to prevent occupant from causing injury due to
movement of luggage in frontal collision.
This Standard is not applicable to rearward-facing seats as well as the head
restraints that are mounted on them.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
GB/T 3730.1, Motor vehicles and trailers - Types - Terms and definitions
GB 11551-2014, The protection of the occupants in the event of a frontal
collision for motor vehicle
GB 11552, The interior fittings of passenger car
GB 13057, Strength of the seats and their anchorages of passenger vehicles
GB/T 15089, Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers
ISO 6487, Road vehicles - Measurement techniques in impact tests -
angle between the symmetrical vertical plane of the seat and the symmetrical
vertical plane of the vehicle is 90????10??.
3.3 bench seat
A ride facility that is for more than one adult occupants, that has complete skin.
3.4 folding seat
A backup seat that is designed for an adult occupant to use occasionally, that
is easy to operate and be able to self-lock during use. Usually, it is in a folded
state.
3.5 walk-in seat
A seat that its backrest, cushion or overall is reversible, unloaded; that provides
convenience for passenger behind the seat to enter and leave the vehicle or
convenience for luggage placement.
3.6 anchorage
A device that fixes seat assembly on vehicle structure. It includes the
components that are affected on vehicle structure.
3.7 adjustment system
A device that can adjust the position of the seat or its components to suit the
occupant's seating posture. This device may have (but not limit to) the following
functions:
- longitudinal displacement;
- vertical displacement;
- angular displacement.
3.8 displacement system
The device that is easy for occupants to enter and exit behind the seat and
makes the seat or a part of it rotate or/and move. There is no fixation position
during the process when the seat or a part of it rotates or/and moves.
3.9 locking system
The device that keeps the seat and components in the position of use.
3.10 transverse plane
A vertical plane that is orthogonal to the longitudinal center plane of vehicle.
This requirement is not applicable to:
a) the components that the height of the convex surrounding surface is less
than 3.2mm, the protruding height is not more than half of its width, and
the edges are smooth;
b) the last row of seats, back-to-back seats or seats that comply with GB
11552;
c) the seat back components that are located below the horizontal plane
passing through the lowest ?€?R?€? point of each row of seats (if the height of
each row of seats is different, it shall start from the rear seats. This level
shall pass through the ?€?R?€? point of the front seat. A step shall be formed in
the vertical direction, high or low);
d) the components such as flexible net.
The surface within area 2 of 5.8.2, if it meets the energy absorption test in Annex
A, its radius of curvature is allowed to be less than 5mm, but not less than
2.5mm. The surface shall be padded to avoid direct contact between the
occupant's head and the seat skeleton.
For the components within the above areas, if the surface material Shore A
hardness is less than 50, except the requirements related to the energy
absorption test specified in Annex A, all requirements only apply to the rigid
components.
4.2.5 During the process of the test performed according to the provisions of
5.2 and 5.3 or after the test, the seat skeleton, the anchorage, the adjustment
system, the displacement system as well as its locking system shall not fail. It
is allowed to have permanent deformation (including cracks) that does not
increase the degree of damage during a collision. And it can withstand the
specified load.
4.2.6 During the process of the tests specified in 5.3 and B.2.1 in Annex B, the
locking system must not loosen.
4.2.7 After the test, the displacement system that allows or facilitates the
occupant to pass shall be in working condition. And it shall at least ensure to
unlock once. It shall move the seat or a part of the seat as needed.
Other displacement system, adjustment system and its locking system are
allowed to have deformation, crack but not failure. It shall remain at the original
locking position.
For the seat with head restraint, during the test process of 5.4.3.6 or after the
test, if the seat or the seat backrest does not have cracks, the strengths of the
b) There shall be no ?€?position of use?€? in a height less than 750mm;
c) The head restraints of other seats excluding the front row of seats can be
adjusted to a position less than 750mm; but it needs to clearly indicate to
the occupants that this position is not the position of use of the head
restraint;
d) For the front row of seats, if the head restraints can automatically go back
to the position of use during riding, it shall allow the head restraint, when
there is no occupant, to automatically lower to a position below 750mm.
4.6.4 To ensure sufficient clearance between the head restraint and the roof
trim surface, between the window and the structural components of the vehicle,
for the front row of seats, the size specified in 4.6.2 and 4.6.3 a) can be less
than 800mm, less than 750mm for other seats; but this clearance shall not
exceed 25mm. For the seats that are equipped with the displacement system
and/or the adjustment system, this provision is applicable to all seating
positions. In addition, reduce the height specified in 4.6.3 b). When it is lower
than 700mm, there shall be no ?€?position of use?€?.
4.6.5 For the head restraints of other rows of seats or seating positions other
than the front row, it can reduce the height specified in 4.6.2 and 4.6.3 a), but it
shall not be less than 700mm.
4.6.6 The seats that are equipped with the head restraints shall comply with the
provisions of 4.2.3 and 4.5.2. For the head restraints that the height is
adjustable, when the height of the restraint part is measured according to the
method specified in 5.5, it shall not be less than 100mm.
4.7 Spacing between head restraint and seat backrest
For the head restraint that its height is nonadjustable, the spacing between it
and seat backrest shall not exceed 60mm. For the head restraint that its height
is adjustable, when the head restraint is adjusted to the lowest position of use,
the spacing between it and seat backrest top shall not exceed 25mm. For the
seats or bench seats that are equipped with separate head restraints and the
height is adjustable, all positions where they are shall all comply with the
provisions of this sub-clause.
4.8 Clearance
4.8.1 For integrated head restraint, the area that shall be considered is: at the
position 540mm from the ?€?R?€? point and above the plane that reference lines are
perpendicular to each other, within the area enclosed between two longitudinal
vertical planes of 85mm on either side of the torso reference line. Within this
area, if this head restraint, after the additional test specified in 5.4.3.3, still
complies with the provisions of 4.10.1, one or more clearances are allowed to
All the measurements shall be performed on the longitudinal center plane of
each seat or seating position that constitutes the front boundary of the luggage
compartment.
After the test, it is not allowed to have sharp corners and edges that are easy
to increase the degree of injury or danger to the occupant.
4.11.3 Others
The requirements referred by 4.11.1, 4.11.2 do not apply to the luggage holding
system that automatically acts due to impact. The manufacturer shall
demonstrate that the protection provided by this system is equivalent to the
requirements of 4.11.1 and 4.11.2.
5 Test methods
5.1 Test conditions
5.1.1 For adjustable seat backrest, except as otherwise specified by the
manufacturer, it shall be locked in the back-tilt position as close as possible to
25?? of the three-dimensional H-point system trunk reference line as described
in Appendix A of GB 11551-2014 and the vertical direction.
5.1.2 When the locking system and installation method of a certain seat is same
or symmetric with the corresponding seat, the testing facility can test only one
of the seats.
5.1.3 For the seat that the head restraint height is adjustable, when testing, the
head restraint shall be placed in the most unfavorable position within its
adjustment range (usually the highest position).
5.1.4 The folding seat shall be tested at the position of use of occupant.
5.2 Strength test of seat backrest and its adjustment system
Though stimulating the human pseudo-back model described in Annex A of GB
11551-2014, apply a load of 530Nm to the seat ?€?R?€? point in the longitudinal
direction of the upper part of the seat back skeleton. For bench seat, if part or
all of the supporting skeleton (including the head restraint part) is shared by
more than one seat, these seats shall be tested simultaneously.
5.3 Strength test of seat anchorage, adjustment system, locking system
and displacement system
5.3.1 According to the provisions of C.1 in Annex C, apply a longitudinal
horizontal deceleration or acceleration of not less than 20g to the entire vehicle
11551-2014 on the normal seating position of the seat.
5.5.3 Draw the projection of the three-dimensional H-point system reference
line shown in Annex A of GB 11551-2014 on the plane specified in 5.4.3.1. Make
a tangent S perpendicular to the reference line and tangent to the top of the
head restraint.
5.5.4 The distance "h" from the ?€?R?€? point to the tangent S is the height of the
head restraint specified in 4.6.
5.6 Determination of head restraint width (see Figure E.2 of Annex E)
5.6.1 Use the plane S1 that is located 65mm below the tangent S specified in
5.5.3 and perpendicular to the reference line to determine the head restraint
profile that is defined by the outline C.
5.6.2 According to the corresponding provisions of 4.9, the width of the head
restraint to be considered is the distance L between the vertical longitudinal
planes P and P' and the two intersections of the section S1.
5.6.3 If necessary, the width of the head restraint can also be determined in a
plane 635mm from the ?€?R?€? point along the reference line and perpendicular to
the reference line.
5.7 Determination of clearance distance of head restraint ?€?a?€? (see Annex
F)
5.7.1 Use a sphere of which the diameter is 165mm to determine the distance
of each clearance ?€?a?€? on the front surface of head restraint.
5.7.2 Without applying any acting force, place the sphere within the clearance
at the maximum degree and contact with this area point.
5.7.3 The distance between the two points where the sphere is in contact with
the clearance is the distance "a" specified in 4.8.
5.8 Energy absorption test of seat backrest and head restraint (applicable
to that when the seat is installed on the vehicle, it can be contacted by a
sphere of which the diameter is 165mm and is located on the area surface
defined in 5.8)
5.8.1 Area 1
5.8.1.1 For the independent seat without head restraint, this area refers to the
area behind the backrest that is located between the longitudinal vertical planes
100mm at the left, right sides of the seat?€?s longitudinal center, and is above the
plane perpendicular to the reference line from the apex of the backrest 100mm
down the reference line.
Annex A
(normative)
Energy absorption test procedures
A.1 Sample installation, test equipment, recording instrument and test
procedures
A.1.1 Sample installation
Use the anchorage provided by manufacturer to firmly fix on the test bench
according to the installation mode of real vehicle, so as to make it stable during
the test.
If the seat backrest is adjustable, it shall be locked on the position specified in
5.1.1.
For the seat equipped with head restraint, in shall install the head restraint on
the seat backrest according to the installation mode of real ...