TB/T 2140-2008 English PDF (TB/T2140-2008)

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TB/T 2140-2008: Railway ballast
TB/T 2140-2008
TB
RAILWAY INDUSTRY STANDARD OF
THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 45.040
S 05
Replacing TB/T 2140-1990
Railway ballast
ISSUED ON. NOVEMBER 14, 2008
IMPLEMENTED ON. DECEMBER 1, 2008
Issued by. Ministry of Railways of the People's Republic of China
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
1 Scope ... 4 
2 Normative references ... 4 
3 Terms and definitions ... 4 
4 Technical requirements ... 5 
5 Test report ... 9 
6 Transport and storage ... 11 
Annex A (Informative) Ballast quality certificate ... 12 
Foreword
This Standard replaces "Railway Ballast" (TB/T 2140-1990).
Compared with TB/T 2140-1990, this Standard has the following main
technical changes.
- the scope was modified, so as to be applicable to joint venture railways
and local railways as well;
- terminologies and definitions were added;
- second grade ballast was deleted;
- special grade ballast for high speed railways and passenger dedicated
lines were added;
- size grading requirements for first grade ballast of existing railways
were added; size grading of the previous first grade ballast was
changed to the that of first grade ballast of newly-built railways;
- appropriate adjustment was made to the index value of crushing rate of
ballast aggregate;
- strict requirements were improved to ballast transportation and storage,
so as to ensure the grading of upper track ballast conforms to the
relevant requirements of this Standard. Appendix A of this Standard is
informative.
This Standard was proposed by and shall be under the jurisdiction of the
Standards and Metrology Research Institute of MOR.
Main drafting organization of this Standard. China Academy of Railway
Sciences.
Main drafters of this Standard. Xu Yongxian, Qie Luchao, Zeng Shugu and
Zhang Wensheng.
Version of standard substituted by this Standard is.
- TB/T 2140-1990.
Railway ballast
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the technical requirements, test rules, transportation,
storage and acceptance of railway ballast (hereinafter referred to as ballast).
This Standard is applicable to ballast for national railways, joint venture
railways, and local railways. Railways for industrial and mining enterprises
may also refer to.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this
text, constitute provisions of this Standard. For dated reference, subsequent
amendments to (excluding correction to), or revisions of, any of these
publications do not apply. However, the parties to agreements based on this
Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most
recent editions of the standards. For undated references, the latest edition of
the normative document referred to applies.
TB/T 2328, Testing Method for Railway Ballast (All Parts)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 Acicular index
The mass percentage of particle with length (maximum size) greater than 1.8
times of average particle size.
3.2 Laminated index
The mass percentage of particles with thickness (minimum size) less than 0.6
time of average particle size.
3.3 Airslake particles
The particle with part or all minerals on the machined crushing plane lost
luster or had color change.
3.4 Surface cleanness of railway ballast
The mass percentage of sundries (dust, soil, etc.) on the surface of railway
ballast products.
4 Technical requirements
4.1 Raw material of ballast
Ballast shall be produced from mountain stones via crushing and screening,
and all the particle surfaces shall be crushing surface.
4.2 Ballast material index
Material performances of all grades of ballasts shall be in accordance with the
corresponding requirements listed in Table 1.
4.3 Ballast process index
4.3.1 Size grading
4.3.1.1 Ballast size grading shall be in accordance with those specified in
Table 2, as shown in Figure 1.
Table 1 -- Ballast material performance
Table 2 -- Size grading of special grade ballast
Figure 1 -- Size grading of special grade ballast
4.3.1.2 Size grading of special grade ballast for newly-built railways shall be
in accordance with those specified in Table 3, as shown in Figure 2.
Table 3 -- Size grading of first grade ballast for newly-built railways
Figure 2 -- Size grading of first grade ballast for newly-built railways
4.3.1.3 Size grading of first grade ballast for overhaul and maintenance of
existing railways shall be in accordance with those specified Table 4, as
shown in Figure 3.
Table 4 Size grading of first grade ballast for existing railways
Figure 3 -- Size grading of first grade ballast for existing railways
4.3.2 Particle shape and cleanliness
4.3.2.1 Acicular index of ballast shall not be greater than 20%; laminated
index shall not be greater than 20%.
4.3.2.2 The content of airslake particle and other pell-mell stone in special
grade ballast shall not be greater than 2%, and that in first grade ballast shall
not be greater than 5%.
4.3.2.3 Ballast products must be washed by water, and their particle surface
cleanliness shall not be greater than 0.17%.
4.3.2.4 The content of powders less than 0.1mm in particle size in
unwashed first grade ballast shall not be greater than 1%.
5 Test report
5.1 Inspection classification
Ballast shall be subjected to resource material inspection, production
inspection and delivery inspection.
5.2 Resource material inspection
5.2.1 Where the rock layer material and category of transferring exploitation
plane or working surface in newly-built and existing quarries have obvious
changes, inspection shall be carried out according to the contents of all items
in Table 1 and material grade shall be divided accordingly.
5.2.2 The entrusted organization with Grade B qualification on solid mineral
exploration or above is entitled to take a group of representative samples
from each exploration plane (if there are many rock layers in exploration
plane, rock layer shall be based on) and deliver them for inspection
accompanied by Test Commission Sheet.
5.2.3 A group of samples include.
Crushed stone samples. particle size (square-hole sieve) of 30mm~70mm
and mass of 240kg.
Block stone samples. 200mm×160mm×140mm; 2 blocks; free from cracks.
5.3 Production inspection
5.3.1 One production inspection shall be carried out when the quarry
produces 1.5×105 m3 ballast (for the quarry with annual output less than
1.5×105 m3 ballast, one production inspection shall not be carried out within a
year) according to the contents of all items in Table 1.
5.3.2 If the production inspection result is lower than the defined grade,
manufacturing and ballast supplying shall be stopped immediately, and
reinspection shall be performed timely. Ballast material grade shall be
re-classified according to reinspection result.
5.3.3 Size grading, particle shape and cleanliness index of the ballast shall
be inspected in the production in quarry. Except from regular weekly
inspection, every shift shall monitor through visual inspection. Any problem
found shall be corrected timely. Monitoring and inspection result shall be filled
into production log to serve as a reference of ballast quality certificate (see
Appendix A).
5.3.4 Block stone sample is identical to that used for resource material
inspection.
5.3.5 Alternately take four sub-samples from finished product discharge
hole or finished product convey belt as crushed stone samples; each
sub-sample is about 100kg; mixed them even. Take two sub-samples for
grading inspection, particle shape and cleanliness index inspection by
inquartation. The other two sub-samples are subjected to material inspection.
Sieve samples according to the requirements of Table 5 (particle size
25mm~20mm, 20mm~16mm, 16mm~10mm, 10mm~7.1mm, extracted from
the byproduct of ballast), eliminate acicular and laminated particles, insert
labeling, bag separately and deliver to material inspection department for
inspection. If there is a shortage of sample, selecting and replenishing from
the other two sub-samples are acceptable.
Table 5 -- Crushed stone sample for production inspection
5.4 Delivery inspection and acceptance
5.4.1 Before loading, quarry quality inspectors are responsible for
organizing product delivery inspection, including ballast size grading, particle
shape and cleanliness index, and fill in ballast quality certificate. For the
products not conforming to standard, quality inspectors are entitled to refuse
loading.
5.4.2 Ballast products are delivered by lots. Ballasts of same grade,
delivered to the same user and loaded and transported on one train are
regarded as a lot. When transported by motor vehicle, the ballasts of same
grade, delivered to the same user and loaded and transported in one day and
night are regarded as a lot. Each lot of product shall be accompanied with
quality certificate issued by quality inspector; meantime, quarry shall submit
the copy of exploitation plane resource material test certificate or valid
production inspection certificate.
5.4.3 Ballast-using organization is entitled to perform random inspection on
ballast process indexes of the quarry such as size grading.
5.4.4 Ballast-using organization shall notice quarry to go to site for
re-inspection if maximum or minimum particle size, particle shape or
cleanliness index is found disaccord with standard. Sampling in re-inspection
is as follows. before unloading the ballast, if there are less than 3 ballast
loading vehicles, choose one sub-sample from each vehicle; if more than 3
vehicles, choose one sub-sample from every two vehicles. Each sub-sample
is about 130kg and sub-samples are taken from four corners and the center
...