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TB 10025-2019: Code for design of retaining structures of railway earthworks
TB 10025-2019
UDC
INDUSTRY STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
P TB 10025-2019
J 127-2019
Code for design of retaining structures of railway
earthworks
ISSUED ON: JULY 31, 2019
IMPLEMENTED ON: DECEMBER 01, 2019
Issued by: State Railway Administration
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 7 
1 General ... 10 
2 Terms and symbols ... 10 
2.1 Terms ... 10 
2.2 Symbol ... 13 
3 Basic provisions ... 15 
3.1 General provisions ... 15 
3.2 Design requirements ... 17 
3.3 Selection of retaining structure form ... 19 
4 Design load ... 20 
4.1 General provisions ... 20 
4.2 Main force ... 21 
4.3 Additional force ... 24 
4.4 Special force... 25 
5 Materials and properties ... 25 
5.1 General provisions ... 25 
5.2 Concrete, mortar rubble and cement mortar ... 26 
5.3 Steel ... 27 
5.4 Geosynthetics ... 27 
5.5 Filler and geotechnical ... 28 
6 Gravity retaining wall ... 29 
6.1 General provisions ... 29 
6.2 Design and calculation ... 30 
6.3 Construction requirements ... 38 
7 Cantilever and counterfort retaining wall ... 40 
7.1 General provisions ... 40 
7.2 Design and calculation ... 41 
7.3 Construction requirements ... 47 
8 Groove retaining wall ... 48 
8.1 General provisions ... 48 
8.2 Design and calculation ... 49 
8.3 Construction requirements ... 55 
9 Reinforced soil wall ... 56 
9.1 General provisions ... 56 
9.2 Design and calculation ... 57 
9.3 Construction requirements ... 62 
10 Soil nailing retaining wall ... 64 
10.1 General provisions ... 64 
10.2 Design and calculation ... 64 
10.3 Construction requirements ... 69 
11 Anchored wall ... 70 
11.1 General provisions ... 70 
11.2 Design and calculation ... 72 
11.3 Construction requirements ... 77 
12 Prestressed anchored cable ... 79 
12.1 General provisions ... 79 
12.2 Design and calculation ... 80 
12.3 Construction requirements ... 84 
13 Slide-resistant pile ... 87 
13.1 General provisions ... 87 
13.2 Design and calculation ... 89 
13.3 Construction requirements ... 94 
14 Pile-wall structure ... 95 
14.1 General provisions ... 95 
14.2 Design and calculation ... 97 
14.3 Construction requirements ... 100 
15 Gravity retaining wall on pile foundation and beam ... 101 
15.1 General provisions ... 101 
15.2 Design and calculation ... 101 
15.3 Construction requirements ... 104 
16 Composite pile structure ... 105 
16.1 General provisions ... 105 
16.2 Design and calculation ... 106 
16.3 Construction requirements ... 109 
17 Other structures ... 110 
17.1 Gravity retaining wall with short relieving slab ... 110 
17.2 Anchor slab wall ... 112 
Appendix A Common types and applicable conditions of retaining structure 117 
Appendix B Track and train loads above the formation surface ... 118 
Appendix C Material performance parameters of structural members ... 121 
Appendix D Basic bearing capacity of foundation ... 124 
Appendix E Resistance design of reinforced concrete members ... 130 
Appendix F Calculation of maximum crack width of rectangular pile reinforced
concrete flexural members ... 136 
Appendix G Reference values of relevant parameters for design of groove
retaining wall ... 138 
Appendix H Reference values of anti-pullout design parameters for anchor rods
and cables ... 139 
Appendix J Anchor rod (cable) test ... 140 
Appendix K Selection of prestressed anchor cable and design parameters 146 
Appendix L Reference value of anchor pile’s foundation factor ... 149 
Explanation of wording in this code ... 152 
Code for design of retaining structures of railway
earthworks
1 General
1.0.1 This standard is formulated to unify the design technical criteria of the
retaining structures of railway earthworks, so that the design of the retaining
structure meets the requirements of safety, reliability, advanced technology,
reasonable economy and green environmental protection.
1.0.2 This code is applicable to the design of retaining structure of railway
earthworks and related projects.
1.0.3 The retaining structure of the railway earthwork shall be designed
according to track and train loads, engineering geology, hydrogeology,
environmental conditions.
1.0.4 The retaining structure design shall meet the requirements of safety,
applicability, durability.
1.0.5 The retaining structure for earthwork be well designed for connection with
bridge abutments, tunnel openings, catenary pillars, sound barrier foundations
and other projects.
1.0.6 Retaining structure’s design shall promote the use of safe and reliable
new technologies, new structures, new materials and new processes.
1.0.7 In addition to meeting this code, the design of the retaining structure shall
also comply with the relevant national standards.
2 Terms and symbols
2.1 Terms
2.1.1 Retaining structure
Structures which are used to support and strengthen the rock-soil body and
maintain its stability.
2.1.2 Gravity retaining wall
A retaining structure that resists the earth pressure and prevents the soil from
slumping by the weight of the wall. When there is a counterfort platform on
the back of the wall, it is called a counterfort retaining wall.
2.1.3 Cantilever retaining wall
A retaining structure which is composed of standing arm plate, a toe plate, a
heel plate, etc., which resists the earth pressure by the gravity of the wall body
and the soil body above the heel plate.
2.1.4 Counterfort retaining wall
A retaining structure which is composed of standing arm plate, a toe plate, a
heel plate, a buttress, etc., which resists the earth pressure by the gravity of the
wall body and the soil body above the heel plate.
2.1.5 Groove retaining wall
A retaining structure of U-shaped which is composed of side walls and a
baseplate, that withstands earth pressure, water pressure, buoyancy,
meanwhile prevents surface water or groundwater from infiltrating.
2.1.6 Reinforced soil wall
A retaining structure which is composed of wall system, reinforcement and filling
soil, which uses reinforcement and filling as a whole to resist the earth pressure.
2.1.7 Soil nailing retaining wall
A retaining structure which is composed of soil nails and wall panels, which
uses soil nails and the reinforced rock-soil together to form a composite
structure to resist the earth pressure.
2.1.8 Anchored wall
A retaining structure which is composed of a wall system and an anchor rod,
which maintains stability and resists earth pressure by the tension of the anchor
rod.
2.1.9 Prestressed anchored cables
Retaining structure by applying tension to the anchor cable to strengthen the
rock-soil body to reach a stable state or improve the internal stress of the
structure.
2.1.10 Slide-resistant pile
Laterally stressed piles resisting the lateral earth pressure above the anchoring
section or the sliding force of the landslide by the lateral foundation resistance
2.1.20 Total safety factor
The factor used in engineering structure design to reflect the overall safety of
the structure.
2.1.21 Total safety factor method
The method of engineering structure design by the use of the total safety factor.
2.1.22 Partial factor
In order to ensure that the design structure or component has the specified
reliability, the partial safety factor used in the design expression of the limit state
method, which is divided into the action partial factor and the resistance partial
factor.
2.1.23 Partial factor method of limit states
A method of structural design using partial factors.
2.1.24 Action
The force exerted on the retaining structure (direct action, also called load), or
the cause of the effect of external deformation or constrained deformation of
the structure (indirect action).
2.1.25 Resistance
The ability of a structure or component to withstand actions.
2.1.26 Bearing capacity of subgrade
Under the condition of ensuring the stability of the foundation, the bearing
capacity of foundation which does not make the structure produce beyond the
allowable settlement or deformation.
2.2 Symbol
P0 - Track load;
Q - Train load;
q - Unit load;
λ0 - Static earth pressure factor;
λa - Active earth pressure factor;
embankment’s stability is affected by water erosion.
6 In sections where it requires saving land, occupying less farm-land or
protecting important existing buildings.
7 In sections where it requires protecting the ecological environment.
8 In sections where it has needs such as stations and scenic spots.
3.1.2 The section where the retaining structure is set up shall be identified with
engineering geology, hydrogeological conditions, environmental conditions and
physical and mechanical properties of rock-soil.
3.1.3 In the curved section, the plane layout of the shoulder’s retaining wall shall
meet the requirement of widening the formation surface in the curved section.
3.1.4 When installing catenary pillars and sound barrier foundations on the
structure, it shall consider the influence of its load on the retaining structure and
ensure the integrity and stability of the formation surface as well as the smooth
drainage.
3.1.5 Subgrade’s retaining structures located in soft soil, slopes and other
sections shall be checked for overall stability.
3.1.6 At certain intervals in the longitudinal direction of the retaining structure
and at the junction with other buildings, it shall provide expansion joints. Where
the base stratum changes, it shall provide settlement joints; the expansion joints
can be combined with the settlement joints. The joint width should be 20 mm ~
30 mm. The stuffing material in the joint may be asphalt hemp, asphalt wood
board, glue or rubber strip, etc. The plug depth shall not be less than 0.2 m.
3.1.7 The retaining wall shall be provided with a drain hole from the back of the
wall; the drainage slope shall not be less than 4%.
3.1.8 Reverse filter layer shall be set at the back of the water inlet side wall of
the drainage hole. The reverse filter layer should be made of bagged sand with
gravel (pebble), geosynthetic material, sand-free concrete block or other new
materials. The thickness of the reverse filter layer made of sand-free concrete
block or sand-containing pebble shall not be less than 0.3 m. When the back of
the wall is swelling soil, the thickness of the reverse filter layer shall not be less
than 0.5 m. The top of the reverse filter layer and the lower part of the water
inlet of the lowest row of drain holes shall be provided with a water barrier.
3.1.9 When excavating the foundation pit, it shall take temporary support
measures for the slope with poor stability. The materials for temporary support
may be shaped steel or scrap steel rails. After the pouring of the retaining
structure is completed, the foundation pit shall be backfilled and tamped in time.
4.3.2 The design load of the retaining structure in the frozen soil area shall
consider the frost heaving force acting on the foundation and the back of the
wall. The earth pressure and frost heave force shall be calculated separately
based on the warm season and the cold season. The earth pressure and frost
heave force shall not be superimposed.
4.4 Special force
4.4.1 The calculation of earthquake action shall comply with the provisions of
the current "Code for seismic design of railway engineering" GB 50111. The
static method can be used to calculate the seismic force on the rigid structure
and the fractured prism of the soil.
4.4.2 The earth pressure on the wall back of the retaining structure shall include
the horizontal seismic force. Gravity retaining structure or the non-gravity
retaining structures with large self-weight shall consider the horizontal seismic
forces on the structure.
4.4.3 In the case of flood level, the earth pressure on the wall back of the
retaining structure shall consider of the flood action; but it shall not be
considered at the same time as the seismic force.
4.4.4 The verification of the retaining structure of the embankment section shall
consider the temporary loads such as the transportation and erection equipment
and its load weight. The unit load of the wheel-rail type transportation-erection
load track acting on the formation surface may be calculated according to
formula (4.2.5). The unit load of the erector may be calculated according to
formula (4.2.6), where Q is the axle load of the erector divided by the
longitudinal axis spacing of the erector. The load of the wheel-tire type erector
shall be calculated according to the vehicle model and the beam’s carrying
method.
5 Materials and properties
5.1 General provisions
5.1.1 The concrete, steel bar, geosynthetic material, filler, stone and cement
mortar used in the retaining structure shall be determined according to the
structure type, function, scope of application, application environment, etc.
5.1.2 The physical and mechanical properties of the retaining structure’s
materials shall be determined according to the standards of corresponding test
method. When using the test results of the standard test pieces to determine
the actual performance of the material, it shall also consider the difference
C.0.1 of Appendix C of this code; the elastic modulus in compression and
tension shall be adopted in accordance with clause C.0.2 of Appendix C of this
code.
5.2.4 The retaining structure of cement mortar masonry shall be designed
based on the environment type, structure type and railway grade, construction
and maintenance conditions, etc. according to the requirements of durability
and service life. The strength grade and application scope of masonry mortar
can be determined in accordance with clause C.0.3 of Appendix C of this code.
5.2.5 The strength of the stone material used for the retaining structure shall
not be lower than MU30. The performance of materials such as cement mortar
sh...