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GB 23864-2023: Firestop material
GB 23864-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.220.50
CCS C 84
Replacing GB 23864-2009
Firestop Material
防火封堵材料
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 28, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 1, 2024
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative References ... 5
3 Terms and Definitions ... 6
4 Classification and Signing ... 6
4.1 Classification ... 6
4.2 Signing ... 8
5 Requirements ... 9
5.1 General provisions ... 9
5.2 Physical and chemical properties ... 9
5.3 Combustion performance ... 10
5.4 Smoke toxicity ... 10
5.5 Air tightness ... 10
5.6 Fire resistance performance ... 11
5.7 Water flushing test performance ... 11
6 Test Methods ... 11
6.1 Physical and chemical properties ... 11
6.2 Combustion performance ... 17
6.3 Smoke toxicity ... 18
6.4 Airtightness ... 18
6.5 Fire resistance ... 18
7 Inspection Rules ... 24
7.1 Classification of inspection... 24
7.2 Comprehensive judgment criteria ... 25
7.3 Use of fire resistance test results ... 25
8 Packaging, Marking, Storage, and Transportation ... 25
Appendix A (Normative) Installation of Standard Test Pieces for Fire-Resistant
Performance Test of Firestop Materials ... 27
Appendix B (Informative) Installation of Typical Test Piece for fire Resistance Test of
Fire-Stop Subassembly ... 33
Appendix C (Normative) Optional and Additional Tests for Firestop Materials and
Firestop Subassemblies - Water Flushing Test ... 35
Appendix D (Informative) Use of Fire Resistance Test Results ... 37
Firestop Material
1 Scope
This Document specifies the classification and signing, requirements, test methods, inspection
rules, packaging, marking, storage, and transportation of firestop materials.
This Document applies to firestop materials or firestop subassemblies used in various through
holes and structural gaps in industrial and civil buildings, structures, and facilities.
This Document does not apply to fireproof expansion seals used inside building accessories
and fireproof rings for rigid polyvinyl chloride building drainage pipes.
2 Normative References
The provisions in following documents become the essential provisions of this Document
through reference in this Document. For the dated documents, only the versions with the dates
indicated are applicable to this Document; for the undated documents, only the latest version
(including all the amendments) is applicable to this Document.
GB/T 2611 Testing machines - General requirements
GB/T 5455 Textiles - Burning behavior - Determination of damaged length, afterglow time
and after-flame time of vertically oriented specimens
GB/T 7019-2014 Test methods for fiber cement products
GB/T 7106 Test methods of air permeability, watertightness, wind load resistance
performance for building external windows and doors
GB 8624 Classification for burning behavior of building materials and products
GB/T 8626 Test method of flammability for building materials
GB/T 9978.1 Fire-Resistance Tests-Elements of Building Construction – Part 1: General
Requirements
GB/T 20285 Toxic classification of fire effluents hazard for materials
XF/T 714-2007 Rapid rise fire test methods of fire protection materials for structural
elements
social impacts, and are represented by Code Z.
b) Firestop materials for general industrial and civil buildings, structures, and facilities:
Firestop materials used in industrial and civil buildings, structures, and facilities other
than important public buildings, represented by Code P.
4.1.3 Firestop materials are divided as follows according to the composition and shape
characteristics of the products.
a) Flexible organic plugging materials: Organic materials are used as binders; and they have
a certain flexibility or plasticity when used. The product is a clay-like object, represented
by Code R.
b) Inorganic plugging materials: Powdered solids with inorganic materials as the main
component, which have appropriate workability when mixed with admixtures,
represented by Code W.
c) Flame-retardant bags: Bag-shaped objects made by packaging fireproof materials,
suitable for firestop of larger holes or fireproof separation of cable trays (fireproof bags
are also called fire-resistant bags or fire-blocking bags), represented by Code B.
d) Flame-retardant modules: A solid with a certain shape and size made of fireproof material,
which can be easily cut and drilled, suitable for firestop of holes or cable trays,
represented by Code M.
e) Firestop board: a board made of fireproof material, which can be easily cut and drilled,
suitable for firestop of large holes, represented by Code C.
f) Foam plugging materials: fireproof materials that can expand and foam by itself after
being injected into the hole to seal the hole, represented by Code P.
g) Multi-component plugging materials: fireproof materials with firestop function produced
by mixing two or more liquid materials (solid powder can be added as an additive) evenly
and reacting chemically, represented by Code D.
h) Gap plugging materials: solid fireproof materials placed in the gap to plug fixed or
moving gaps, represented by Code F.
i) Fireproof sealants: liquid or paste-like fireproof materials with fireproof sealing function,
represented by Code J.
j) Flame-retardant tapes: flexible, coilable, and curled tape products made of fireproof
material; wrapped around the outer surface of a plastic pipe and cladded by a steel tape
or fixed with other appropriate means. It expands and squeezes the softened pipe when
exposed to fire, and blocks the holes left by the burning or softening of the plastic pipe.
It is represented by the Code T.
150mm×100mm×0.8mm and three PVC insulated sheathed cables with a length of 250mm and
an outer diameter of ϕ30mm~ ϕ40mm; and apply the prepared Inorganic plugging materials,
flexible organic plugging materials, foam plugging materials, multi-component plugging
materials or fireproof sealant on the surface of the steel plate and the outer rubber layer of the
cable. Place the prepared and cured test pieces in a test chamber with a relative humidity of
(90±5)% and a temperature of 70℃±5℃. After 168h, take out the specimens and place them in
an environment that is not directly exposed to sunlight for natural drying. Observe whether
there is rust or corrosion at the contact between the steel plate and the outer rubber layer of the
cable and the plugging material specimen.
6.1.5 Water resistance, oil resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, damp-heat
resistance, freeze-thaw cycle resistance
6.1.5.1 Preparation of specimen
Inorganic plugging materials, multi-component plugging materials, fireproof sealants: inject
the prepared specimen into a standard test mold of 200mm×20mm×20mm; tamp and smooth it;
demold it after it is basically solidified; and saw the specimen into three 20mm×20mm×20mm
cube test blocks after the curing period. The mixing and curing of the specimen shall be carried
out according to the product instructions.
Flexible organic plugging materials: take certain amounts of specimens; knead it evenly; and
make 3 spheres with a diameter of 20mm each.
Flame-retardant bags: the specimen is 3 complete bags.
Other firestop materials: cut the specimen into three 20mm×20mm×20mm test blocks. For
firestop materials with coating on the surface, the exposed section shall be sealed with the same
surface material. For materials with a thickness of less than 20mm, the thickness of the test
block is the same as that of the material.
NOTE: For fire-retardant sealants that cannot be cured, they can be coated on three 50mm×50mm×2mm
stainless-steel plates or polyethylene plastic plates for testing, with a coating thickness of 1mm±0.5mm.
6.1.5.2 Test procedure
6.1.5.2.1 Water resistance
Soak the prepared and cured specimens in tap water at a temperature of 20℃±5℃; observe
once every 24h; and take them out after the specified time. Observe whether the specimen is
swollen or cracked; whether the body of the fire-retardant bag is intact, whether there is any
damage; and whether there is any obvious change in the internal material.
6.1.5.2.2 Oil resistance
Immerse the prepared and cured specimens in transformer oil; keep the oil temperature at
20℃±5℃; observe once every 24 h; and take them out after 72 h.
6.1.5.2.3 Damp-heat resistance
Place the prepared and cured specimens in a test chamber with a relative humidity of (90±5)%
and a temperature of 45℃±5℃. After the specified time, take out the specimens and place them
in an environment that is not directly exposed to sunlight to dry naturally. Observe whether the
specimens are cracked or powdered.
6.1.5.2.4 Freeze-thaw cycle resistance
Place the prepared and cured specimens in water at 23℃±2℃ for 18 h; then place the specimens
in a low-temperature box at -20℃±2℃. When the temperature in the box reaches -18℃, freeze
them for 3 h; then take them out of the low-temperature box and immediately place them in a
constant temperature box at 50℃±2℃ for 3 h. Take out the specimens and repeat the above
operation for a total of 15 cycles. Observe whether the specimen is cracked or powdered.
6.1.5.2.5 Acid resistance
Place the prepared and cured specimen in a 3% hydrochloric acid solution at a temperature of
20 ℃±5 ℃ and observe it every 24 h to see if the specimen is swollen or cracked.
6.1.5.2.6 Alkali resistance
Immerse the prepared and cured specimen in a 3% ammonia solution at a temperature of
20 ℃±5 ℃ and observe it every 24 h to see if the specimen is swollen or cracked.
6.1.5.3 Judgment conditions
6.1.5.3.1 Water resistance, oil resistance, acid resistance, and alkali resistance
After the fire-retardant bag is soaked for a specified time, take it out and wipe it dry. The bag
shall be intact and undamaged, and the internal material shall not change significantly.
After the other specimens are soaked for a specified time, at least two of the three specimens
shall not swell or crack.
6.1.5.3.2 Damp-heat resistance, and freeze-thaw cycles resistance
After the test is carried out as specified, the materials in the fire-retardant bag shall not change
significantly; and at least two of the three test pieces of other specimens shall not show cracking
or powdering.
6.2 Combustion performance
6.2.1 Flame-retardant bag
The used fabric material shall be tested in accordance with GB/T 5455.
The refractory test furnace shall meet the requirements of test piece installation, heating
conditions, pressure conditions, temperature testing and test observation, etc.
6.5.1.2 Temperature measuring equipment
6.5.1.2.1 Temperature measuring in furnace
For temperature measuring in furnace, a thermocouple with a wire diameter of ϕ0.75mm~
ϕ2.30mm shall be used. The hot end shall extend 25mm out of the sleeve; and the temperature
sensing end of the thermocouple shall be 100mm away from the fire-exposure plane of the
plugging material. The number of thermocouples in the furnace shall be no less than 5.
6.5.1.2.2 Temperature measurement of the back-fire surface of the test piece
The back-fire surface of the test piece - the temperature of the plugging material, the cable
surface or the pipe surface, the frame surface 25mm away from the plugging edge of the
plugging material, and the plastic pipe surface, shall be measured by thermocouples with a wire
diameter of ϕ0.5mm, industrial grade II, and the number shall be no less than 6.
The distribution is as follows: at least 2 thermocouples are set at 25mm from the plugging
material surface to the service penetration surface. At least 1 thermocouple is set for different
service penetration at 25mm from the service penetration (cable, cable bundle or pipe) surface
to the plugging material surface. At least 1 thermocouple is set at 25mm from bracket or tray
surface to the plugging material surface. When using flame-retardant tape, 2 thermocouples are
set at 25mm from the plastic pipe surface to the floor or wall. 1 thermocouple is set at 25mm
from the framework surface to the plugging edge of the plugging material. Another mobile
temperature measuring thermocouple is set to monitor the temperature rise of suspicious points
on the back-fire surface of the test piece when necessary; and its data shall be used as the basis
for judgment.
6.5.1.2.3 Accuracy of temperature measuring equipment
The accuracy (system error) of temperature measuring equipment shall be:
a) In the furnace: within ±15℃;
b) Surface or other: within ±5℃.
6.5.2 Test conditions
6.5.2.1 Heating conditions
When the heating conditions for building fiber fires are adopted, the temperature in the test
furnace shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T 9978.1.
When the heating conditions for electric fires are adopted, the temperature in the refractory test
furnace shall comply with the relevant provisions of 5.1.1 in XF/T 714-2007.
6.5.2.2 Pressure conditions in the furnace
When the heating conditions for building fiber fires are adopted, the pressure in the test furnace
shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T 9978.1.
When the heating conditions for electric fires are adopted, the pressure in the refractory test
furnace at the horizontal plane of the top (vertical member) of the vertical specimen or the
horizontal plane (horizontal member) 100mm below the bottom of the specimen shall be
20Pa±5Pa after 5min the start of the test, and 22Pa±3Pa after 10min.
6.5.3 Requirements of test piece
When conducting fire resistance tests, the materials, manufacturing processes, splicing and
installation methods used for the test pieces shall be sufficient to reflect the actual use of the
corresponding components. Modifications to the installation method to enable the test to be
implemented shall have no significant impact on the test results; and the modifications shall be
explained in detail.
6.5.4 Production of test piece
6.5...