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GB 18871-2002: Basic standards for protection against ionizing radiation and for the safety of radiation sources
GB 18871-2002
National Standard of the People?€?s Republic of China
ICS 13.280
F 73
Replacing GB4792???1984, GB8703???1988
Basic Standards for Protection Against Ionizing Radiation and for
the Safety of Radiation Sources
ISSUE ON: OCTOBER 8, 2002
IMPLEMENTED ON: APRIL 1, 2003
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine
of the People?€?s Republic of China
Table of Contents
Foreword..... 3
1 Scope ..... 4
2 Definitions .... 4
3 General Requirements ..... 4
4 Major Requirement for Practice ......... 7
5 Major Requirement for Intervention ....... 14
6 Control of Occupational Exposure .... 16
7 Control of Medical Exposure ...... 24
8 Control of Public Exposure ......... 32
9 Control of Potential Exposure -- Safety of Source ....... 37
10 Intervention of Emergency Exposure Condition ....... 43
11 Intervention of Prolonged Exposure Condition... 47
Appendix A (Normative) Exemptions ..... 50
Appendix B (Normative) Dose Limits and Control Level of Surface Contamination ..... 58
Appendix C (Normative) Classification of Working Spaces with Unsealed Sources ..... 194
Appendix D (Normative) Toxicity Grouping of Radionuclides ..... 195
Appendix E (Normative) Dose Level of Expected Intervention in Any Case and the Intervention
Level and Action Level Under Emergency Exposure Condition ......... 198
Appendix F (Normative) Sign and Warning Sign of Ionizing Radiation ... 201
Appendix G (Informative) Guidance Level for Medical Exposure of Radiodiagnosis and Nuclear
Medicine Diagnosis ..... 202
Appendix H (Informative) Action Level Under Prolonged Exposure Condition .... 206
Appendix J (Normative) Terms and Definitions ....... 207
Basic Standards for Protection Against Ionizing Radiation and for the
Safety of Radiation Sources
1 Scope
This standard specifies the basic requirements of ionizing radiation protection and radiation
source safety (hereinafter referred to as ?€?protection and safety?€?).
This standard is applicable to the protection of ionizing radiation exposure received by personnel
in practice and intervention as well as source safety in practice.
This standard is not applicable to the protection for detriment to personnel possibly caused by
nonionizing radiation (such as microwave, ultraviolet, visible light and infrared radiation).
2 Definitions
See Appendix J (Normative) for the terms and definitions adopted by this standard.
3 General Requirements
3.1 Application
3.1.1 Practice
The practice applicable to this standard shall include:
a) Source production and radiation or radioactive substance application in medical, industry,
agriculture or teaching and research, including various activities related to application involved or
possibly involved in radiation or radioactive substance exposure;
b) Generation of nuclear energy, including various activities involved or possibly involved in
radiation or radioactive substance exposure in nuclear fuel cycle;
c) Practice involved in natural source exposure and controlled according to regulatory authority
specification;
d) Other practices specified by regulatory authority.
3.1.2 Source
3.1.2.1 The source applicable to the requirements of this standard for practice shall include:
a) Radioactive substance and component containing radioactive substance or generating radiation,
including consumer product, sealed source, unsealed source and radiation generator;
b) Device and facility with radioactive substance and equipment generating radiation, including
irradiation installations, mine or mill processing radioactive ores, installation processing radioactive
substances, nuclear installation and radioactive waste management facility;
c) Other sources specified by regulatory authority.
3.1.2.2 The requirements of this standard shall be applied to each radiation source in device or
facility; if necessary, the requirements of this standard shall be applied to whole device or facility
considered as single source according to regulatory authority specification.
3.1.3 Exposure
3.1.3.1 It shall be the exposure applicable to the requirements of this standard for practice, and shall
refer to occupational exposure, medical exposure or public exposure caused by relevant practice or
source in practice, including normal exposure and potential exposure.
3.1.3.2 Under general condition, the natural source exposure shall be considered as a kind of prolonged
exposure; if necessary, the requirements for intervention of this standard shall be followed. Under the
following various conditions, the requirements for intervention of this standard shall be followed if it
is not eliminated or the relevant practice or source is not exempted:
a) Public exposure caused by discharge of effluent generated by practice of natural sources or
radioactive waste disposal;
b) Occupational exposure of worker caused by exposure of natural sources under the following
conditions:
1) Radon exposure of worker owing to working demand or direct relation with working,
regardless if the exposure is higher or lower than the action level of remedial action under
prolonged exposure condition of radon in working space [see Appendix H (Informative)];
2) Though the radon exposure of worker during working is not regular, the exposure size
is higher than the action level of remedial action under prolonged exposure condition of
radon in working space [see Appendix H (Informative)];
3) Exposure of natural sources received by operating personnel during jet airplane flight
process;
c) Exposure of other natural sources specified by regulatory authority and needed to follow the
requirements of this standard for practice.
3.1.4 Intervention
3.1.4.1 The intervention conditions applicable to this standard shall be:
a) Emergency exposure condition requiring adopting protective action, including:
1) Accident conditions and emergency circumstances have implemented emergency plan
or emergence program;
2) Other any emergency exposure condition having the justifiable reason to carry out
intervention confirmed by regulatory authority or intervening organization;
b) Prolonged exposure condition requiring adopting remedial action, including:
1) Exposure of natural sources, such as radon exposure in building and working space;
2) Exposure of radioactive survivor caused by departed incident and exposure of radioactive
survivor caused by departed practice and source utilization without notification and
approval system control (see 4.2.1 and 4.2.2);
3) Other any prolonged exposure condition having the justifiable reason to carry out
intervention confirmed by regulatory authority or intervening organization.
3.2 Excluding
Any exposure condition essentially incapable control for size or possibility of exposure through
this standard requirement implementation, such as the exposure caused by 40K in human body and
cosmic ray reaching earth surface shall not be applicable this standard, and shall be excluded in the
application scope of this standard.
3.3 Responsible Party of Implementation and Responsibility
3.3.1 Responsible party
3.3.1.1 The responsible party (hereinafter referred to as ?€?main responsible party) undertaking main
responsibility for the implementation of this standard shall be:
a) Registrant and licensee;
b) Employer.
3.3.1.2 Other related parties shall undertake the respective corresponding responsibility for the
implementation of this standard, and other related parties may include:
a) Supplier;
b) Worker;
c) Radiation protection officer;
d) Medical practitioner;
e) Health professional;
f) Qualified expert;
g) Any other parties entrusted with specific responsibility by main responsible party.
3.3.2 Responsibility
3.3.2.1 Each responsible party shall undertake general responsibility and specific responsibility
specified in the relevant chapters and articles of this standard.
3.3.2.2 The general responsibility undertaken by main responsible party shall be:
a) Establishing protection and safety target meeting relevant requirements of this standard;
b) Establishing and implementing written protection and safety outline, and this outline shall be
corresponding with risk property and degree of responsible practice and intervention, and sufficiently
guarantee to meet the relevant requirements of this standard. This outline shall:
1) Determine measures and resources required by realizing protection and safety target,
and guarantee to correctly implement these measures and provide these resources;
2) Maintain the regular examination for these measures and resources, and periodically
check the realization of protection and safety target;
3) Identify any invalidity or defect of protection and safety measures and resources, and
take steps to rectify and prevent secondary occurrence;
4) Work out various arrangements convenient for consultation and cooperation of related
parties according to protection and safety demand;
5) Preserve relevant records of responsibility fulfillment.
3.4 Supervision and Administration of Implementation
3.4.1 The implementation of this standard and supervision and administration implemented by this
standard shall be charged by regulatory authority; for intervention condition, the intervening organization
shall be in charge of main responsibility for relevant requirements of this standard.
3.4.2 The main responsible party shall receive the supervision for protection and safety with approved
practice of personnel formally authorized by regulatory authority, including inspection of protection
and safety record.
3.4.3 When the condition against relevant requirements this standard happens, the main responsible
party shall:
a) Investigate the reason and of violation behavior;
b) Adopt corresponding action to rectify and prevent secondary occurrence of similar violation
incident;
c) Report the violation reason, adopted or preparing to be adopted rectification action or
protective action to regulatory authority;
d) Adopt other necessary actions according to the requirements of this standard.
3.4.4 The main responsible party shall timely report violation incident. If the standard violation has
performed or is about to be performed to emergency exposure condition, it shall be reported timely.
3.4.5 After standard violation incident occurrence, if the main responsible party is incapable of
adopting rectification or improvement action within the stipulated time limit according to national relevant
regulations, the regulatory authority shall revise, suspend or cancel issued registration certificate, license
or other approval documents.
4 Major Requirement for Practice
4.1 Basic Principles
4.1.1 Introduction, implementation, interruption or stopping of any practice and exploitation, mill,
processing, design, manufacture, construction, assembling, procurement, import, export, sales, sell out,
lending, lease, receiving, installation, positioning, debugging, holding, use, operation, maintenance, repair,
transfer, decommission, disassembly, transportation, storage or disposal of any source in practice shall
be carried out according to relevant requirements of this standard; unless the exposure generated by
relevant practice or source is excluded or the relevant practice or source is exempted by the
requirements of this standard.
4.1.2 For any practice applicable to this standard, any source in practice or any activity specified in
4.1.1, the implementation of each relevant requirement of this standard shall be corresponding with
characteristic of this practice or source and size and possibility of its caused exposure, and shall meet
specified relevant requirements by regulatory authority.
4.1.3 The transportation of radioactive material shall follow the requirements of national relevant
safety transportation laws and regulations of radioactive substance.
4.2 Management Requirements
4.2.1 Notification
4.2.1.1 Any legal person intended to carry out some item practice or any activity specified in 4.1.l of
this standard shall submit notification to regulatory authority to explain the purpose and plan, and
shall only explain the plan in such aspects as manufacture, assembling, import and sales for consumer
product.
4.2.1.2 If the practice or activity meets the following conditions and is confirmed by regulatory
authority, only the notification procedure shall be fulfilled, if not, the corresponding approval procedure
shall be fulfilled according to the requirements of 4.2.2:
a) The caused normal exposure unlikely exceeds a certain small share of specified relevant
limit by regulatory authority;
b) The possibility and size of accompanied potential exposure may be neglected.
c) Any other accompanied possible detriment consequence may also be neglected.
4.2.2 Approval: registration or licensing
4.2.2.1 Any legal person responsible for any sealed source, unsealed source or radiation generator
shall propose application to regulatory authority to obtain approval unless the responsible source is
exempt. Whether adopt registration mode or licensing mode for this approval shall be determined by
regulatory authority according to source or practice property utilizing this source and size and possibility
of caused exposure. The practice suitable for approval with registration mode shall be provided with
the following characteristics:
a) Guarantee safety to a great extent through the design of installation and equipment;
b) Simple and easy working procedure;
c) Extremely low requirements for safety training;
d) Hardly any safety problem in history run.
4.2.2.2 The legal person responsible for any following source shall submit application to regulatory
authority to obtain approval, and the approval for this source shall be adopted with licensing mode:
a) Irradiation installations;
b) Mine or mill processing radioactive ores;
c) Installation process...