QC/T 741-2014 English PDF (QCT741-2014)

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QC/T 741-2014: Ultra-capacitor for electric vehicles (including Amendment List 2017XG1)
QC/T 741-2014
QC
AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.080
T 47
Replacing QC/T 741-2006
Ultracapacitor for electric vehicles
(Including Amendment Sheet No.1 [2017XG1])
ISSUED ON: OCTOBER 14, 2014
IMPLEMENTED ON: APRIL 01, 2015
Issued by: Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of PRC
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 6
1 Scope ... 8
2 Normative references ... 8
3 Terms and definitions ... 8
4 Symbols ... 11
5 Requirements ... 12
6 Test method ... 15
7 Inspection rules ... 30
8 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage ... 32
Amendment Sheet No.1 [2017XG1] ... 34
Ultracapacitor for electric vehicles
1 Scope
This standard specifies the requirements, test methods, inspection rules, markings,
packaging, transportation, storage of supercapacitor (electrochemical capacitor) for
electric road vehicles.
This standard applies to supercapacitors (hereinafter referred to as capacitors) cell and
modules for electric road vehicles.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the dated
documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this document;
for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) is
applicable to this standard.
GB/T 2900.41-2008 Electrotechnical terminology - Primary and secondary cells and
batteries
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions as defined in GB/T 2900.41-2008, as well as the
following terms and definitions, apply to this standard.
3.1
Ultracapacitors
An electrochemical energy storage device, at least one electrode of which uses an
electric double layer or pseudo-capacitor to store energy; the relationship between
time and voltage, during constant current charging or discharging, is usually
approximately linear.
3.2
Inorganic electrolyte ultracapacitors
A supercapacitor, which uses an aqueous solution as the electrolyte.
3.3
- The capacitance is not lower than 80% of the initial value;
- The energy is not less than 80% of initial value.
5.1.10 Low temperature characteristics.
When the capacitor is tested according to 6.2.10, its performance shall meet the
following requirements:
- The capacitance is not lower than 60% of the initial value;
- The energy is not less than 50% of initial value.
5.1.11 Cycle life.
When the capacitor is tested according to 6.2.11, its performance shall meet the
following requirements:
- The capacitance of energy-type supercapacitors is greater than 80% of the initial
value, meanwhile the internal resistance is less than 2 times the initial value;
- The capacitance of power-type supercapacitor is greater than 90% of the initial
value, meanwhile the internal resistance is less than 1.5 times of the initial value;
- No electrolyte leakage.
5.1.12 Safety.
5.1.12.1 After passing the overdischarge test in 6.2.12.1, the capacitor cell shall not
explode, catch fire or leak.
5.1.12.2 After the capacitor cell is subjected to the overcharge test in 6.2.12.2, it shall
not explode or catch fire.
5.1.12.3 After the short-circuit test in 6.2.12.3, the capacitor cell shall not explode or
catch fire.
5.1.12.4 After the drop test of 6.2.12.4, the capacitor cell of the inorganic system shall
not explode or catch fire; the capacitors of the organic system shall not explode, catch
fire or leak.
5.1.12.5 When the capacitor cell is heated according to 6.2.12.5, it shall not explode or
catch fire.
5.1.12.6 After the extrusion test in 6.2.12.6, the capacitor cell shall not explode or catch
fire.
5.1.12.7 After subject to the acupuncture test specified in 6.2.12.7, the capacitor cell
shall not explode or catch fire.
5.1.12.8 After the capacitor cell is subjected to the seawater immersion test in 6.2.12.8,
it shall not explode or catch fire.
5.1.12.9 After the capacitor cell is subject to the temperature cycle test in 6.2.12.9, it
shall not explode, catch fire or leak.
5.2 Modules
5.2.1 Appearance.
When the capacitor module is inspected according to 6.3.2, the shell shall not have
deformation and cracks; the surface shall be dry; there shall be no electrolyte overflow
marks; the arrangement shall be neat and the connection shall be reliable.
5.2.2 Polarity marking.
When the capacitor module is inspected according to 6.3.3, the terminal polarity mark
shall be clear, complete, accurate.
5.2.3 Dimensions and mass.
When the capacitor module is inspected according to 6.3.4, its dimensions and mass
meet the technical conditions, which are provided by the enterprise.
5.2.4 Capacitance.
When the capacitor module is inspected according to 6.3.5, the capacitance shall be 80%
~ 120% of the nominal capacitance.
5.2.5 Energy.
When the capacitor module is inspected according to 6.3.6, the energy shall be 80% ~
120% of the nominal energy.
5.2.6 Internal resistance.
When the capacitor module is inspected according to 6.3.7, the internal resistance shall
not be greater than its nominal internal resistance.
5.2.7 Cycle life.
When the capacitor module is tested according to 6.3.8, its performance shall meet the
following requirements:
- The capacitance of the energy-type supercapacitor module is greater than 80% of
the initial value; the internal resistance is less than 2 times the initial value;
6.1.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the capacitor shall be discharged, at a constant
current as specified by the enterprise, until its minimum operating voltage. Then it is
placed under the environmental conditions specified in 6.1.2 for 24 hours. The
performance of the capacitor shall be measured, as the basis for comparison after the
product test (however, the test environment before and after the test shall be consistent).
6.1.1.2 Charge-discharge current.
Unless otherwise specified, this standard applies to the following charge-discharge
currents:
- Energy-type capacitor: I = 5I1 (or a current not lower than 5I1 provided by the
enterprise);
- Power-type capacitor: I = 40I1 (or the current not lower than 40I1 provided by the
enterprise).
The type of capacitor is determined by the manufacturer.
6.1.2 Environmental conditions.
Unless otherwise specified, all measurements, tests, restorations are carried out in the
following environment:
- Temperature: 25 °C ± 5 °C;
- Relative humidity: 25% ~ 85%;
- Atmospheric pressure: 86 kPa ~ 106 kPa.
6.1.3 Measuring instruments and meters.
The accuracy of measuring instruments and meters shall meet the following
requirements:
- Voltage measuring device: The accuracy is not lower than grade 0.5; its internal
resistance is at least 1 kΩ/V;
- Current measuring device: The accuracy is not less than grade 0.5;
- Temperature measuring device: It has an appropriate range; its division value is not
greater than 1 °C; the calibration accuracy is not less than 0.5 °C;
- Timer: It is graduated in hours, minutes, seconds, with an accuracy of ±0.1%;
- Meters for measuring dimensions: The division value is not greater than 1 mm;
- Scales for weighing mass: Accuracy is ±0.05% or more.
6.2.9 High temperature characteristics.
Follow the steps below, to test the high temperature characteristics of capacitors:
a) Set the temperature of the temperature box to 55 °C or the maximum operating
temperature, which is not lower than 55 °C as specified by the enterprise;
b) Place the capacitor in a temperature box, at this temperature for 6 h;
c) In this environment, test the capacitor, according to 6.2.4 and 6.2.5.
6.2.10 Low temperature characteristics.
Follow the steps below, to test the low temperature characteristics of capacitors:
a) Set the temperature of the temperature box to -20 °C or the minimum working
temperature not higher than -20 °C, as specified by the enterprise;
b) Place the capacitor in a temperature box, at this temperature for 16 h;
c) In this environment, test the capacitor, according to 6.2.4 and 6.2.5.
6.2.11 Cycle life.
6.2.11.1 The test shall be carried out at an ambient temperature of 25 °C ± 5 °C.
6.2.11.2 Carry out the test, according to the following steps:
a) Charge the capacitor cell to the rated voltage UR, at a constant current I; let it stand
for 5 s;
b) Discharge the capacitor cell to the minimum operating voltage Umin, at a constant
current I; let it stand for 5 s;
c) Repeat steps a) ~ b) 2000 times;
d) Stand still for 12 hours;
e) Detect the capacitance and internal resistance of the capacitor, according to 6.2.4
and 6.2.6; if it meets 5.1.11, go to the next step; otherwise, end the test;
f) Repeat steps a) - e) n times. For energy-type supercapacitor, n = 5; for power-type
supercapacitor, n = 25.
6.2.12 Safety.
All safety tests are carried out, under conditions of adequate environmental protection.
6.2.12.1 Overdischarge.
Carry out test, as follows:
a) Charge the capacitor cell to the rated voltage, at a constant current I;
b) Discharge the capacitor cell, at a constant current I, until the voltage is 0 V; then
continue to force discharge, until the over-discharge (after 0 V) reaches 50% of
the nominal capacitance;
c) Observe for 1 h.
Note: The nominal capacitance, in the over-discharge test, is calculated according to CN x (UR
- Umin)/3600.
6.2.12.2 Overcharge.
Carry out test, as follows:
a) Charge the capacitor cell to the rated voltage, at a constant current I;
b) Charge the capacitor cell, until the voltage reaches 1.5 times the rated voltage or
the overcharge reaches 100% of the nominal capacitance, then stop charging;
c) Observe for 1 h.
6.2.12.3 Short circuit.
Carry out test, as follows:
a) Charge the capacitor cell to the rated voltage, at a constant current I;
b) Short-circuit the positive and negative poles of the capacitor and the cell
externally for 10 minutes; the resistance of the external circuit shall be less than
5 mΩ.
6.2.12.4 Drop.
Carry out test, as follows:
a) Charge the capacitor cell to the rated voltage, at a constant current I;
b) The capacitor cell falls freely from a height of 1.5 m to the concrete floor, with
the terminal facing down;
c) Observe for 1 h.
6.2.12.5 Heating test.
Carry out test, as follows:
6.3.7 Internal resistance.
At room temperature, follow the steps below, to test the internal resistance of the
capacitor module:
a) The capacitor module is charged to the rated voltage UR, at a constant current I;
record the moment as t0;
b) The capacitor module is discharged to the minimum working voltage Umin, at a
constant current I; record the voltage Ui at t0 + 30 ms;
c) Repeat steps a) ~ b) 3 times;
d) Calculate the DC internal resistance of the third cycle, according to formula (9);
use it as the internal resistance of the capacitor module.
6.3.8 Cycle life
6.3.8.1 The test shall be carried out at an ambient temperature of 25 °C ± 5 °C.
6.3.8.2 Carry out the test, according to the following steps:
a) Charge the capacitor module to the rated voltage, at a constant current I; let it
stand for 5 s;
b) Discharge the capacitor module to the minimum working voltage UR, at a constant
current I; let it stand for 5 s;
c) Repeat steps a) ~ b) 1000 times;
d) Let it stand still for 12 hours;
e) Detect the capacitance and internal resistance of the capacitor, according to 6.3.4
and 6.3.6; if it meets 5.2.7, go to the next step; otherwise, end the test;
f) Repeat steps a) - e) n times. For energy-type supercapacitor, n = 5; for power-type
supercapacitor, n = 10.
6.3.9 Safety.
6.3.9.1 General.
All safety tests are carried out under the conditions of sufficient environmental
protection. If there is an active protection circuit, it shall be removed.
6.3.9.2 Overdischarge.
Carry out the test, as follows:
a) Charge the capacitor module to the rated voltage, at a constant current I;
b) Discharge the constant current I of the capacitor module, until the voltage of a
capacitor cell reaches 0 V; continue to force discharge, until the overdischarge
(after 0 V) reaches 50% of the nominal capacitance;
c) Observe for 1 h.
Note: The nominal capacitance in the over-discharge test is calculated, according to CN x (UR -
Umin)/3600.
6.3.9.3 Overcharge.
Carry out the test, as follows:
a) Charge the capacitor module to the rated voltage, at a constant current I;
b) Charge the capacitor module, until its voltage reaches 2 times the rated voltage,
OR the overcharge reaches 100% of the actual discharge capacity; then stop
charging;
c) Observe for 1 h.
6.3.9.4 Short circuit test.
Carry out the test, as follows:
a) Charge the capacitor module to the rated voltage, at a constant current I;
b) Short circuit the capacitor externally for 10 minutes; the resistance of the external
circuit shall be less than 5 mΩ.
6.3.9.5 Drop.
Carry out the test, as follows:
a) Charge the capacitor module to the rated voltage, at a constant current I;
b) The capacitor module falls freely from a height of 1.2 m onto the concrete floor,
with the terminal facing down;
c) Observe for 1 h.
6.3.9.6 Heating test.
Carry out the test, as follows:
7.3 Type inspection
7.3.1 The type inspection can be carried out, using a certain specification as a
representative product. However, the product identification test cannot be carried out,
using a certain specification as a representative product.
7.3.2 Carry out type inspection under the following conditions
a) Once every two years;
b) When new products are put into production OR old products are subject to trans-
plant production;
c) When there are major changes in structure, material, process;
d) When the production is resumed after suspension for half a year;
e) Trans-plant;
f) Contract requirements.
7.3.3 In the type inspection, if one item is unqualified, it shall be judged as unqualified.
8 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage
8.1 Marking
8.1.1 The following markings shall...