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GB 3847-2018: Limits and measurement methods for emissions from diesel vehicles under free acceleration and lugdown cycle
GB 3847-2018
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS
Replacing GB 3847-2005, HJ/T 241-2005
Limits and measurement methods for
emissions from diesel vehicles under
free acceleration and lugdown cycle
ISSUED ON: SEPTEMBER 27, 2018
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 01, 2019
Issued by: Ministry of Ecology and Environment;
State Market Regulatory Administration.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4 
1 Scope ... 6 
2 Normative references ... 6 
3 Terms and definitions ... 7 
4 Inspection items ... 10 
5 Inspection process and requirements ... 11 
6 Appearance inspection ... 14 
7 Inspection of on-board diagnostic system (OBD) ... 15 
8 Testing of emission pollutants ... 16 
9 Requirements for data recording, storage, submission ... 18 
10 Emission monitoring of in-use vehicles ... 19 
11 Implementation of standards ... 20 
Appendix A (Normative) Free acceleration method ... 21 
Appendix B (Normative) Lugdown method ... 25 
Appendix BA (Informative) Pre-inspection requirements of lugdown test for
vehicles... 49 
Appendix BB (Normative) Test equipment technical requirements ... 52 
Appendix C (Normative) Characteristics and installation requirements for
opacity meter ... 60 
Appendix D (Normative) Ringelmann smoke method ... 67 
Appendix E (Normative) Inspection procedure of on-board diagnostic (OBD)
system ... 74 
Appendix EA (Normative) Technical requirements for OBD diagnostic
instrument ... 78 
Appendix EB (Normative) OBD inspection data item ... 81 
Appendix F (Normative) Inspection report ... 83 
Appendix G (Normative) Reporting data items in real time ... 91 
Limits and measurement methods for
emissions from diesel vehicles under
free acceleration and lugdown cycle
1 Scope
This standard specifies the limits and measurement methods for emissions
from diesel vehicles under free acceleration and lugdown cycle, as well as the
method and judgment basis of appearance inspection and OBD inspection of
diesel vehicle.
This standard is applicable to the inspection for new produced vehicle at end of
production line, inspection for register vehicle, inspection for in-use vehicle.
This standard also applies to other vehicles equipped with compression ignition
engines.
This standard does not apply to low-speed trucks and three-wheeled vehicles.
2 Normative references
The contents of this standard refer to the following documents or their terms.
For undated references, the valid versions are applicable to this standard.
GB/T 5181-2001 Automotive emission - Terms and definitions
GB 7258 Safety specifications for power-driven vehicles operating on roads
GB 17691 Limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from
compression ignition and gas fueled positive ignition engines of vehicles
GB 17691-2018 Limits and measurement methods for emissions from diesel
fueled heavy-duty vehicles (CHINA VI)
GB/T 17692 Measurement methods of net power for automotive engines
GB 18352 Limits and measurement methods for emissions of pollutants from
light-duty vehicles
GB 19147 Automobile diesel fuels
Refers to the actually measured value of the output power of the drive wheel
when the vehicle is running on the chassis dynamometer.
3.7
Maximum wheel power (MaxHP)
The maximum value of the wheel power as measured according to the
measurement method as specified in this standard.
3.8
Optical absorption coefficient (k)
A coefficient which indicates the attenuation of the light beam by the unit
length, which is the multiplying product of the number of particles n per unit
volume, the average projected area a of the particles, the extinction
coefficient Q of the particles.
3.9
Ringelmann blackness
A soot concentration representation method as obtained by comparing the
emission pollutant's color with the Ringelmann concentration map, which is
divided into 0 ~ 5 levels. There are six types of corresponding Ringelmann
concentration maps, wherein the level 0 is all white, level 1 is 20% blackness,
level 2 is 40% blackness, level 3 is 60% blackness, level 4 is 80% blackness,
level 5 is total black.
3.10
Nitrogen oxide, NOx
Refers to nitrogen oxides emitted from the exhaust pipe, including nitrogen
monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
3.11
Engine maximum speed (MaxRPM)
In the test as specified in this standard, the maximum engine speed as
measured when the accelerator pedal is in the fully open position.
3.12
Actual velocity of maximum wheel power (VelMaxHP)
Refers to the drum line speed at the maximum wheel power as actually
inspection for in-use vehicles, supervisory sampling inspections, inspections
of in-use vehicles prior to the registration and transfer registration.
3.19
Supervision test
Refers to the sampling inspection of new produced vehicles before exit-
factory, as well as the sampling inspection of the in-use vehicles centralized
parking lots, maintenance sites and roads.
3.20
On-board diagnostic OBD system (OBD system)
Refers to the computer information system installed on the vehicle and
engine. It belongs to the pollution control device and shall have the following
functions:
a) Diagnose faults that affect emissions performance;
b) Display the faults through alarm system;
c) Use the information as stored in the memory of the electronic control unit
to determine the possible fault areas and provide offline communication of
information.
3.21
Environmental information identification document VEID
Refers to the environmental information identification documents as
specified in the “Announcement on the Publicity of Environmental Protection
Information for Motor Vehicles and Non-Road Mobile Machinery” (GHGDQ
[2016] No.3), including the enterprise’s declaration for compliance with the
emission standards and stages of the vehicle, the basic vehicle information,
the environmental inspection information, the information of pollution control
device.
4 Inspection items
4.1 Vehicle environmental inspection items are as shown in Table 1.
4.2 The entry inspection of the new produced imported vehicles shall be carried
out in accordance with the inspection items as specified in Table 1. It shall also
comply with other standards and regulations.
6.2.2 Check whether the vehicle's pollution control device and the engine are
consistent with the vehicle environmental identification document.
6.3 In-use vehicle
6.3.1 Check whether the condition of the vehicle under inspection is normal. If
there is any abnormality, it shall request the owner to carry out maintenance.
6.3.2 Check whether the vehicle has burning engine oil or serious black smoke.
If it is, it shall request the owner to carry out maintenance.
6.3.3 Check whether the appearance of the engine's exhaust pipe, exhaust
muffler, exhaust aftertreatment device as well as the installation and fastening
parts are in good condition. If there is corrosion, air leakage, damage or
looseness, it shall request the owner to carry out maintenance.
6.3.4 Check whether the vehicle is equipped with an OBD system.
6.3.5 Determine whether the vehicle is suitable for lugdown testing. If it is not
suitable (for example, full-time four-wheel drive and timely four-wheel drive that
cannot manually switch between two-drive drive mode), it shall be marked.
When carrying out the lugdown testing, it shall confirm that there is no foreign
matter on the surface of the tire of the vehicle.
6.3.6 During the inspection of the change registration and transfer registration,
it shall check whether the pollution control device is in good condition.
7 Inspection of on-board diagnostic system (OBD)
7.1 Offline of new produced vehicles
The automobile manufacturer shall check the OBD system's communication of
each vehicle, to confirm that the OBD system's communication is normal before
exit-factory.
7.2 Registration
Check whether the vehicle has set the OBD interface according to the
requirements, whether the OBD communication is normal, whether there is a
fault code.
7.3 In-use vehicle
7.3.1 For in-use vehicles which are equipped with an OBD system, after
finishing the appearance inspection, it shall carry out the OBD inspection. In the
course of inspection of emission pollutants, it shall not disconnect the OBD
diagnostic instrument.
report format is as shown in Appendix F of this standard.
8.2.5 [translator's note: should be 8.2.6] It is forbidden to use a failure strategy
that reduces the effectiveness of the emission control device. All tampering for
pollution control devices will lead to unqualified emission test.
9 Requirements for data recording, storage,
submission
9.1 It shall use the computer system to automatically detect, record, transmit,
save, judge the OBD inspection (if applicable) and emission pollutant testing
information. Meanwhile it shall use the computer system to record and save the
appearance inspection information. It shall automatically save the results of the
instrument inspection and verification (including calibration) as required by the
standard in the computer, to facilitate the inquiry by the competent authorities
of the ecological environment. The recorded and saved content shall include at
least the contents as listed in Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix E, Appendix
G.
If the pollutant testing results are negative or zero, it shall be recorded and
reported as “undetected”.
9.2 The inspection agency shall transmit inspection information to the
competent department of ecological environment in real time.
9.3 The competent department of ecological environment at a lower level shall,
in accordance with the provisions of Appendix F and Appendix G, report the
inspection information to the competent department of ecological environment
at a higher level in real time or at specified period.
9.4 The retention period of paper archives of inspection reports shall be not less
than 6 years. The retention period of electronic archives shall be not less than
10 years.
9.5 In the inspection (including OBD inspection and visual inspection), if a
vehicle with a certain model is found to have emission which excessively
exceeds limit, the competent department of ecological environment shall make
a record and obtain evidence, fill out the “Environmental inspection record form
for concentrated over-limit vehicle models” (Appendix F), report to the
competent department of ecological environment of the State Council. At the
same time, it shall report the recorded information to the competent department
of ecological environment at the higher level and the relevant departments of
public security traffic management and market supervision at the same level.
9.6 The inspection for the new produced vehicles at end of production line shall
When using the free acceleration method to carry out supervision test of the
vehicle, it may use 1.1 times the limit values as specified in this standard for
judgement.
10.3 In the course of registration inspection, it shall carry out appearance
inspection, OBD inspection, emission pollutant testing. The environmental
inspection of the vehicles of registration change or transfer shall follow the
requirements of local government. However, it shall be subject to at least the
inspection of the pollutant control device and the OBD inspection (if applicable).
10.4 For vehicles that are equipped with remote emission management on-
board terminals and report relevant emission data to the competent authority of
ecological environment in real time as required, the provincial competent
authority of ecological environment may exempt the online environmental
inspection according to the data submission conditions.
11 Implementation of standards
11.1 This standard has been implemented since May 1, 2019. The regular
environmental inspection of vehicles as carried out nationwide shall be
conducted by the lugdown method as specified in this standard. For vehicles
that cannot be tested by the lugdown method, it may use the free acceleration
method as specified in this standard.
11.1.1 The off-line inspection of new produced vehicles will be implemented
from November 1, 2019.
11.1.2 Registration, OBD inspection and NOx test of in-use vehicles are only
conducted and reported from May 1, 2019, which will be implemented from
November 1, 2019.
11.1.3 For the specific time to implement the limit value b as specified in this
standard nationwide, the competent authority of ecological environment of the
State Council will release it otherwise.
11.2 From the date of implementation of this standard, the existing relevant
local emission inspection standards shall be abolished.
11.3 For the implementation of this standard, the competent department of
ecological environment under the State Council is responsible for its
supervision.
vehicles, wait at least 10 seconds after releasing the accelerator pedal.
A.4.3 When performing free acceleration measurement, it must, within 1
second, continuously step the accelerator pedal down to the final position, to
allow the fuel supply system to reach the maximum fuel supply within the
shortest time.
A.4.4 For each free acceleration measurement, before releasing the
accelerator pedal, the engine must reach the fuel cut speed. For vehicles which
use the automatic transmissions, it shall reach the rated engine speed (if it
cannot reach this speed, it shall not be less than 2/3 of the rated speed).
During the measurement process, it shall monitor whether the engine speed
inspection meets the test requirements (except for vehicles the engine speed
of which cannot be measured). Meanwhile it shall record the engine speed data
in time and report it.
A.4.5 Test result takes the arithmetic mean of the last three measurement
results of free acceleration blackness.
A.5 Detection software
A.5.1 The detection system software shall be able to transmit, store and judge
data with the computer, automat...