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GB 16151.1-2008: [Including 2009XG1] Technical requirements of operating safety for agricultural machinery -- Part 1: Tractor
GB 16151.1-2008
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE?€?S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 65.060.01
B 90
Replacing GB 16151.1 ~ 16151.3-1996
Technical requirements of operating safety for agricultural
machinery - Part 1: Tractor
ISSUED ON: JULY 04, 2008
IMPLEMENTED ON: JANUARY 01, 2009
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of PRC;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3??
1 Scope ... 5??
2 Normative references ... 5??
3 Terms and definitions... 6??
4 Whole machine ... 7??
5 Engine ... 8??
6 Driving system ... 9??
7 Frame and walking system ... 9??
8 Steering system ... 10??
9 Brake system ... 11??
10 Lighting, signaling, other electrical equipment ... 13??
11 Hydraulic suspension and traction device ... 16??
12 Cabs and other components ... 16??
13 Control of exhaust pollutants ... 17??
14 Noise control ... 18??
Appendix A (Normative) Test method for braking performance ... 19??
Appendix B (Normative) Inspection method of irradiation position of headlamp beam
... 21??
Appendix C (Normative) Noise test method at driver's operating position ... 22??
Technical requirements of operating safety for agricultural
machinery - Part 1: Tractor
1 Scope
This Part of GB 16151 specifies the basic technical requirements, for the operation
safety, exhaust pollution control, noise control, on the complete tractor and its engine,
drive train, walking system, steering system, braking system, lighting and signal
devices, hydraulic suspension and traction devices, cab and other components.
This Part applies to the safety inspection of wheeled, crawler, walking tractors and
tractor towing trailer for transportations, which are used in China. Other power
machinery, which has tractor function AND used for agricultural operations, may make
reference to this Part.
2 Normative references
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Part of GB 16151
through reference in this Part. For the dated references, the subsequent amendments
(excluding corrections) or revisions do not apply to this Part; however, parties who
reach an agreement based on this Part are encouraged to study if the latest versions of
these documents are applicable. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document applies.
GB 3847-2005 Limits and measurement methods for exhaust smoke from C.I.E.
(Compression Ignition Engine) and vehicle equipped with C.I.E.
GB/T 3871.3 Agricultural tractors - Test procedures - Part 3: Power tests for power
take-off (GB/T 3871.3-2006, ISO 789-1:1990, MOD)
GB/T 3871.8 Agricultural tractors - Test procedures - Part 8: Noise measurement
(GB/T 3871.8-2006, OECD R5:2002, MOD)
GB/T 4269.1 Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and
garden equipment - Symbols for operator controls and other displays - Part 1:
Common symbols (GB/T 4269.1-2000, idt ISO 3767-1:1991)
GB/T 4269.2 Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and
garden equipment - Symbols for operator controls and other display - Part 2:
Symbols for agricultural tractors and machine (GB/T 4269.2-2000, idt ISO 3767-
2:1991)
6 Driving system
6.1 The casing of the clutch, transmission, transfer case, drive axle, final drive, power
take-off, starter transmission mechanism shall be free of cracks; there shall be no
abnormal noise or abnormal temperature rise, during operation.
6.2 The clutch disengagement shall be thorough; the engagement shall be smooth. Its
free stroke shall meet the requirements of product technical documents. For the clutch
operating force:
a) The pedal shall not exceed 350 N (double-acting clutch shall not exceed 400 N);
b) The handle shall not exceed 100 N.
6.3 The gearbox shall not have disordered gear and automatic dislocation.
6.4 The differential lock of a tractor, which is equipped with a differential lock, shall be
reliable; the operating handle or pedal shall return quickly, without jamming.
7 Frame and walking system
7.1 The frame shall be complete; there shall be no cracks, deformation, serious
corrosion that affect safety; bolts and rivets shall not be missing and loose.
7.2 The front and rear axles shall not have deformation and cracks, which affect safety;
the engine frame shall not have cracks.
7.3 The hub, rim, web, lock ring shall not have cracks or deformations, which affect
safety; the nuts shall be complete and tightened according to the specified torque.
7.4 The model of tires shall comply with the provisions of the product technical
documents. During transportation, driving wheels with smooth treads OR steering
wheels with tread heights below 3.2 mm shall not be installed; the retreaded tires shall
not be installed. The tire sidewall and tread shall not have exposed lines, or rupture and
cut which have a length of more than 25 mm and depth enough to expose the ply.
7.5 The direction of the driving tire's tread shall not be reversed (except in the desert).
The left and right tires, on the same axis, have the same tread pattern and roughly the
same degree of wear.
7.6 The tractor towing trailer for transportation is not allowed to be equipped with high
tread tires.
7.7 The tire pressure shall be consistent with the requirements of the product's technical
documents.
7.8 The toe-in value of the front wheel shall comply with the requirements of the
product's technical documents.
7.9 The front and rear wheels shall be provided with fenders, according to the
requirements of the technical documents.
7.10 The length of the track buffer spring, after preloading, shall meet the requirements;
the left and right shall be equal. The idler axle and its wishbones shall be able to move
back and forth, without hindrance.
8 Steering system
8.1 The steering wheel shall be flexibly steered, easy to operate, free from blockage; its
maximum free rotation shall not exceed 30??.
8.2 The steering of the tractor shall be provided with a steering limit device. The
steering system is not allowed to interfere with other components, in any operating
position.
8.3 The steering system shall be light and flexible; there shall be no swing, jitter,
deviation, or other abnormal phenomena, on flat, dry, hard pavements.
8.4 Steering wheel's operating force:
a) The mechanical steering gear shall not exceed 250 N;
b) When the full hydraulic steering gear fails, it shall not exceed 600 N.
8.5 Steering mechanism shall ensure smooth steering. The minimum steering circle's
diameter shall meet the requirements of product technical documents.
8.6 For the steering vertical arm, the steering knuckle arm, the longitudinal and
transverse tie rods between them, they are connected reliably and without deformation.
The ball head clearance and the front wheel bearing clearance are appropriate; there
shall be no looseness. The front wheel shall be free from noticeable swing, when driving
along flat road, at high speed.
8.7 When the full hydraulic steering wheel is turned from the limit position at one side
to the limit position at another side, the number of rotations of the steering wheel shall
not exceed 5 turns.
8.8 The oil level of the hydraulic steering system shall be normal; there shall be no
leakage everywhere; there is no air in the oil circuit.
8.9 The working stroke and free stroke of the steering lever of the crawler tractor shall
meet the requirements of the product technical documents. The maximum operating
force shall not be greater than 250 N.
of the tractor, at a height of 1.2 m above the ground.
10.10 Sensitive and effective wipers shall be installed on the front windshield of the
cab; sunshade devices shall be provided.
11 Hydraulic suspension and traction device
11.1 The hydraulic suspension mechanism shall rise and fall smoothly; there shall be a
limit or locking device.
11.2 The positioning and return functions of the lifting control system of the split
hydraulic system are normal.
11.3 The operating handle of the hydraulic system shall be positioned accurately; the
operating conditions of the handle shall conform to the marked position.
11.4 The rods of the hydraulic suspension and traction device shall not have cracks,
damage or deformation affecting safety. The limit chain, safety chain, all bolts and lock
pins shall be complete and intact. All parts shall be free from abnormal wear.
11.5 The traction device of the tractor towing trailer for transportation shall be firm and
free from serious wear. The traction pin shall be provided with a safety lock pin; it shall
be equipped with a safety cable and chain.
12 Cabs and other components
12.1 The number of occupants shall comply with the technical documents.
12.2 The doors and windows of the cab shall be opened and closed easily; they can be
closed tightly.
12.3 For wheeled tractors, which have a rated engine power of 36.8 kW or more, AND
are engaged in farmland operations, they shall be equipped with a safety frame.
12.4 There are at least two emergency exits in the cab, which are not on the same side
AND can be easily opened from the cab, including doors for normal access. The
minimum cross-sectional size of the emergency exit shall be able to contain an oval,
which has a 640 mm long axle and 440 mm short axle.
12.5 There shall be no sharp protrusions, inside or outside the cab, which can cause
injury; the interior materials shall have high anti-burning properties.
12.6 The visibility around the cab shall be good; the windshield and door and window
glass shall be safety glass.
12.7 The driver's seat of the wheeled tractor shall be firmly fixed; the position can be
adjusted.
12.8 The control components are reasonably arranged and easy to operate; the control
symbols and other symbols shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 4269.1 ~ 4269.2.
12.9 The cab shall be provided with anti-skid pedals and handles for climbing; the
height of the first step of the cab, from the ground, shall not be greater than 550 mm.
12.10 A rear-view mirror shall be installed, on the left and right sides of the front of the
tractor; the position shall be appropriate; the image in the mirror shall be clear.
12.11 The tractor shall at least be provided with a front number plate holder. The tractor
towing trailer for transportation shall be provided with front and rear number plate
holders, wherein the front number plate holder shall be in the middle or right of the
front, the rear number plate holder shall be in the middle or left of the rear. The area of
the number plate holder shall not be less than 300 mm wide and 165 mm high. Two
number plate's mounting holes, which have a diameter of 8 mm and a center distance
of 125.5 mm, shall be preset. The positioning dimension of the left hole is 24.5 mm
from the left side of the number plate holder AND 17.5 mm from the top.
12.12 For the tractor or tractor towing trailer for transportation, which has the function
of self-unloading cargo box, it shall be provided with a mechanical locking device in
the maintenance state after lifting; the locking device in the transportation state shall be
provided for the rollover self-unloading cargo box; the locking device shall be reliable.
12.13 The fuel tank and battery shall not be installed in the cab. The distance from the
exhaust pipe shall not be less than 300 mm, OR an effective heat insulation device shall
be provided.
12.14 Tractors, which are engaged in field harvesting, threshing, transporting
flammable materials, shall be equipped with fire extinguishers; their exhaust pipes shall
be equipped with a safe and reliable device, for extinguishing waste gas sparks.
12.15 The outlet of the exhaust pipe shall not be directed towards the driver or other
operator.
12.16 The tractor towing trailer for transportation shall be equipped with warning signs.
13 Control of exhaust pollutants
Refer to Appendix K of GB 3847-2005, for the smoke measurement method of tractor,
during free acceleration. The emission limit is that, the new machine shall be not more
than Rb 5.0; the in-use machine shall be not more than Rb 6.0.
Appendix A
(Normative)
Test method for braking performance
A.1 Test method for braking performance in road test
A.1.1 The road test to check the braking performance shall be carried out on a flat (slope
shall not exceed 1%), dry and clean hard pavement (the adhesion coefficient between
the tire and the pavement shall not be less than 0.7).
A.1.2 Draw the side line of the test lane, which has a width corresponding to the braking
stability requirements, as shown in Table 2 in 9.4.1, on the test pavement. Put the
transmission in neutral, when the tested tractor increases to beyond the specified initial
speed, along the centerline of the test lane; when it slides to the specified initial speed,
the maximum operating force of the brake pedal shall not exceed 600 N, the maximum
operating force of the brake handle shall not exceed 400 N; at this time, park the tractor,
by pressing the brake suddenly.
A.1.3 Measure the braking distance of the tractor with a speedometer, fifth wheel meter
or other test methods.
A.2 Test method for bench test braking performance
A.2.1 Inspection by a drum brake test bench
a) The surface of the drum of the brake test bench shall be dry and free from loose
substances and oil stains. The driver drives the tractor onto the drum; corrects the
position; starts the drum; applies the brakes. Measure the parameter values
required in Table 3 in 9.4.2; record whether the wheels are locked.
b) When measuring braking, in order to obtain sufficient adhesion to avoid wheel
locking, it is allowed to add enough additional mass to the tractor OR apply a
force equivalent to the additional mass (additional mass or force is not included
in the axle load). It may also take measures, to prevent the tractor from moving
(such as adding triangular pads or towing, etc.).
c) When the above method is adopted, if the wheel still locks and slips on the drum
OR the whole mac...