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LY/T 2407-2015: Norm of techniques for estimation of forest economic values
LY/T 2407-2015
FORESTRY INDUSTRY STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 65.020
B 65
Norm of techniques for estimation of forest economic
values
ISSUED ON: JANUARY 27, 2015
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 01, 2015
Issued by: State Forestry Administration
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
1 Scope ... 4 
2 Normative references ... 4 
3 Terms and definitions ... 4 
4 Assessment procedure ... 7 
5 Verification of forest resource assets ... 9 
6 Basic methods for assessment of forest resource assets ... 16 
7 Assessment of timber forest assets ... 21 
8 Assessment of bamboo forest assets ... 23 
9 Assessment of economic forest asset ... 26 
10 Asset assessment of shelter forest and special purpose forest ... 29 
11 Assessment of forestland assets ... 30 
12 Assessment of forest landscape assets ... 34 
13 Assessment report of forest resources assets ... 36 
Appendix A (Normative) Sampling survey method ... 37 
Appendix B (Normative) Small shift sampling ... 44 
Appendix C (Normative) Determination of the comprehensive adjustment factor
K value of forest quality and the P value of investment return ... 47 
Appendix D (Normative) Determination of the use fee of forestland in the
assessment ... 53 
Appendix E (Informative) Assessment report of forest resources assets ... 54 
Norm of techniques for estimation of forest economic
values
1 Scope
This standard specifies assessment procedures and assessment methods of
forest resource values as well as the verification of forest resource values.
This standard is applicable to the assessment of forest assets, forestland
assets, forest landscape assets for various assessment purposes within China.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For
the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable
to this document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including
all the amendments) are applicable to this standard.
GB/T 15776 Artificial afforestation technical regulations
GB/T 17775 Standard of rating for quality tourist attractions
GB/T 18005 China forest park landscape resources grade assessment
GB/T 18972 Classification, investigation and assessment of tourism
resources
GB/T 26424 Technical regulations for inventory for forest management
planning and design
LY/T 1646 Forest harvesting procedures
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Forest resource assets
Forest resources that are owned or controlled by specific entities and that
bring economic benefits under existing levels of understanding and science.
3.8
Assessment purpose
The specific use of various economic behaviors for the assessment results.
The purpose of the assessment stated in the assessment report shall be
unique and the assessment report can only be valid for a specific
assessment purpose.
3.9
Value type
The definition of the value attribute of the asset assessment result and its
expression. The value types in forest resource assets assessment include
market value, investment value, in-use value, liquidation value, residual
value.
Market value: The voluntary buyer and the voluntary seller, under their
respective rational actions and without any coercion, assess the estimated
value of the normal fair trade on the date of assessment benchmark.
Investment value: The estimated value of the valuation object for a particular
investor or a certain type of investor with a clear investment objective.
In-use value: The estimated value of the value of the assessment as an
enterprise component or factor asset according to the manner and extent of
its use and its contribution to the affiliated enterprise.
Liquidation value: The estimated value of an object under abnormal market
conditions such as forced selling, rapid liquidation, etc.
Residual value: The estimated value of the realized value of the forest when
the object of assessment is cleared due to disasters and updated.
3.10
Date of the assessment benchmark
At a specific time when the assessment conclusion begins to be established,
the various pricing standards and basis selected in the process of forming
the assessment conclusion are valid at that point in time, and all the pricing
standards in the assessment are the effective price standards on the date of
assessment benchmark.
4.3 Relevant data submitted by assessment client
4.3.1 List of forest resource assets
The list of forest resource assets shall be compiled based on the results of
forest resource surveys (forest resource planning and design surveys,
operational design surveys or special surveys for assessment) or forest
resource archives. The minimum units shall be implemented in small shifts.
The list of forest assets to be logged during the assessment period shall be
prepared based on the results of the survey on the design of harvesting
operations. Due to limited conditions, the list of forest resource assets compiled
based on the survey results of the logging operation design is not available, it
shall explain the reasons and impact on the assessment results.
Forest resource assets such as ancient and famous trees, scattered high-value
precious trees, forest landscapes, under-forest animal and plant resources, etc.
shall be compiled according to professional survey data.
4.3.2 Other relevant information
Other relevant information mainly includes:
a) Forest tenure certificate (or related ownership document);
b) Forest resource map data within the scope of the assessment;
c) The type, quantity and quality of forest trees with special economic value;
d) Other relevant materials that shall be submitted for assessment purposes.
4.4 Collecting assessment data
The assessment information collected by the assessment agency shall include
the following:
a) Technical standards for forest production and related cost and expense
information;
b) Relevant cost and expense information for timber production and sales;
c) Technical and economic indicators for local forest cultivation, forest
harvesting and infrastructure;
d) Book historical cost data for forest cultivation;
e) The market price of timber and forest by-products of various specifications
on the date of assessment benchmark, as well as the tax and fee
collection standards in the sales process;
5.1.2 The scope of the proposed forest resource assets is the verification overall
unit. The size and boundary of the verification unit shall be properly determined
within the verification overall unit, the verification accuracy under certain
reliability conditions shall be calculated; one verification unit can only be
allowed to correspond to an independently used assessment value.
5.1.3 The verification work shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions
of GB/T 26424 and LY/T 1646 and relevant standards of the forestry industry.
5.2 Verification items
5.2.1 General verification items, methods, requirements
5.2.1.1 It shall read and check the documents, certificates, drawings, materials,
files, etc. related to the forest resource assets to be assessed.
5.2.1.2 It shall, based on the forest tenure certificate or valid legal documents,
check the ownership (ownership, use rights) and the age of ownership, the four-
to-boundary line, etc. of the forest resource assets (forestland and forest trees).
5.2.1.3 It shall, based on the map data such as forest phase map, forest
distribution map and forestry basic map, check the spatial location of the forest
resource assets and the trend of the boundary line.
5.2.1.4 It shall, based on the forestry protection and utilization planning, forest
zoning, classified management planning approved for implementation by the
county-level and above forestry authorities which are valid, check the types of
land and types of forest resource assets.
5.2.2 Verification items of forestland assets
The main items to be verified for forestland assets are: forestland type, forest
type, forest species, tree species, understory resources, use period, use
method (referring to land rent payment method), area, location, site grade,
geographical conditions.
5.2.3 Verification items of forest assets
5.2.3.1 Verification items of timber forest assets
5.2.3.1.1 The main items to be verified for young forest assets (including
unforested forestland) are: origin, tree species composition, forest age
(forestation time, seedling age), afforestation survival rate, afforestation
preservation rate, number of plants per unit area, average diameter at breast
height (DBH), average tree height, stock volume, forest growth status,
occurrence of pests and diseases, loss of natural disasters, site grade,
geographical conditions.
Forest landscape assets verification is carried out in accordance with GB/T
18972, GB/T 17775, GB/T 18005. In addition to verifying the same items as the
forest verifications, it will focus on verifying services and features related to
viewing, recreation, health care, entertainment, etc., as well as traffic conditions,
surrounding environment, tourism development level, construction conditions.
5.3 Verification method
5.3.1 Verification method of forestland assets
5.3.1.1 Sampling survey method
When conducting forestland assessment for large-scale forest resource assets,
it should use a sampling survey method to investigate and verify the total area
of forestland assets and various types of forestland. The sampling survey
method is as shown in Appendix A.
5.3.1.2 Small shift mapping method
5.3.1.2.1 Aerial film mapping method: use the recently shoot aerial film (not
more than 2 years) which has a scale of not less than 1: 25000 or enlarged from
1:50000 to 1:25000, or a side-view radar picture enlarged from 1:100000 to
1:25000 for small shift mapping indoor, then carry out verification at site or field
mapping.
5.3.1.2.2 Satellite mapping method: Use the recent satellite film (not more than
1 year) which has a scale of 1:25000 after computerized geometric correction
and image enhancement (with a spatial resolution of less than 10 m) for small
shift mapping indoors, then check it at site.
5.3.1.2.3 Topographic map small shift mapping method: Use the topographic
map drawn by the surveying and mapping department with the scale of 1:10000
~ 1:25000 to map at site. For areas without the above scale, it may use a
topographic map which is enlarged from 1:50000 to 1:25000.
5.3.1.3 Measurement method
5.3.1.3.1 Locator measurement method: The method of using the locator to
measure the coordinate position information of the small shift boundary control
point, automatically calculate the small shift area. When using the locator to
verify the forest area, the small-shift boundary control point shall be selected
correctly, the positioning accuracy of the locator shall meet the requirements.
5.3.1.3.2 Compass measurement method: The method of using the compass
to measure the azimuth and the horizontal distance of the small shift boundary
control point. When using the compass to verify the forestland area, the control
points of small shift boundary shall be correctly selected, the closure error of
5.5.1 Overview
Briefly describe the verification object, including geographical location, natural
conditions, socio-economic conditions, forestry production and operation status;
verification basis, purpose, requirements, organization, starting and ending time;
assessment of the list of assets submitted by the entrusting party; qualification
of the verification agency, composition of the verifiers, etc.
5.5.2 Verification basis
Describe the basis for verification, the standards used and the various tables.
5.5.3 Verification method
Describe the technical methods used in the verification, the method of sampling
the verification object, the investigation methods of each factor.
5.5.4 Verification results
Narrate, analyze, assess the results, qualification rates, verification accuracy,
errors of the verification of the list of forest resource assets as submitted by the
client.
5.5.5 Conclusion
Describe the credibility of the list of forest resource assets submitted by the
client through verification and analysis, propose whether the list of forest
resource assets is acceptable as the basis for the assessment.
5.5.6 Signature
The verification report shall be signed by the relevant personnel, attached with
the “Certificate of forestry investigation planning design”, chopped by the legal
person of the verification agency.
5.5.7 Attached tables
The schedule mainly includes:
a) Verification record form;
b) A list of small-shift forest resource assets that have been surveyed;
c) Statistical tables of physical quantities of various forest resource assets.
5.5.8 Attached figures
In the assessment of the forestry basic map provided by the entrusting party,
mark the verification work to be carried out, to indicate such contents as the
A - Annual average net income;
P - Return on investment.
6.2.4 Cycle income capitalization method: the stable cyclical income of the
assessed forest assets is regarded as the return of capital investment, then the
value of the assets is obtained according to the appropriate investment return,
the method is adopted to realize the sustainable use of forest resources.
According to the specific conditions of forestry assets management, it is divided
into the assessment of forest assets immediately after the selective cutting and
the assessment of forest assets m years after the selective cutting.
6.2.4.1 Assessment of forest assets after selective cutting
The forest will reach the next selective cutting period after a business cycle after
selective cutting. The calculation method of the income present value method
of the forest asset assessment immediately after selective cutting is as follows:
Where:
E - The estimated value of the forest assets immediatel...