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GB 20517-2006: Fire detection and alarm systems -- Smoke alarms
GB 20517-2006
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE?€?S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.220.20
C 81
Fire detection and alarm systems ?€? Smoke alarms
ISSUED ON. JULY 17, 2006
IMPLEMENTED ON. APRIL 1, 2007
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the People's Republic of China;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3??
1 Scope ... 4??
2 Normative References ... 4??
3 Product classification ... 4??
4 General requirements ... 5??
5 Requirements and test methods ... 6??
6 Inspection rules ... 29??
7 Marking and packaging ... 30??
8 Product instruction manual ... 31??
Fire detection and alarm systems ?€? Smoke alarms
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the product classification, technical requirements, test
methods, inspection rules, marking, packaging and manufacturer?€?s instructions for fire
detection and alarm systems (hereinafter referred to as smoke alarms).
This Standard applies to smoke alarms that are installed in civil architectures and
operate using scattered light, transmitted light (photoelectric smoke sensing) and
ionization (ion smoke sensing).
2 Normative References
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Standard through
reference in this Standard. For dated references, the subsequent amendments (excluding
corrigenda) or revisions do not apply to this Standard. However, parties who reach an
agreement based on this Standard are encouraged to study if the latest versions of these
documents are applicable. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document applies.
GB 4715-1993, Technical requirements and test methods for point type smoke fire
detectors
GB 9969.1-1998, General principles for preparation of instructions for use of
industrial products
GB 12978-2003, Rules for test of fire electronic products
GB 16838-1997, Environmental test methods and severities for fire electronic
products
3 Product classification
3.1 in accordance with operating principle.
a) photoelectric smoke alarms (using scattered light and transmitted light);
b) ionization smoke alarms.
3.2 in accordance with power supply mode.
a) internal battery smoke alarms;
b) external battery smoke alarms;
c) smoke alarms which have external power supply and are equipped with the
internal standby battery.
3.3 in accordance with operating mode.
a) self-contained smoke alarms;
b) interconnectable smoke alarms.
4 General requirements
4.1 When a fire occurs in the monitored area and its smoke parameters achieve the
preset values, the smoke alarm shall give acoustical and optical fire alarm signals at
the same time.
4.2 For the multiple station smoke alarm, when one alarm gives fire alarm signals,
the other smoke alarms connected with it shall also give fire alarm signals.
4.3 3 m from the smoke alarm, the sound pressure level of fire alarm signals shall be
greater than 80 dB (A weighting).
4.4 The smoke alarm shall have the self-checking function and give acoustical and
optical fire alarm signals during self-checking.
4.5 For the smoke alarm having the alarm-silencing function, the alarm-silence
period shall not be less than 100 s; for the interconnectable smoke alarm, the alarm-
silence of the smoke alarm shall not prevent the smoke alarms connected with it from
giving alarm signals.
4.6 Except battery and fuse, the smoke alarm shall not have components or parts
which can be replaced or repaired by user; when the battery is removed, visual warning
shall be provided.
4.7 The smoke alarm is capable of communicating with auxiliary equipment such as
remote display, but it shall not influence the fire detection performance of the smoke
alarm in case of any disconnection or short-circuit fault during the communication
between the smoke alarm and the equipment.
4.8 For the smoke alarm having multiple indicator lights, indicator lights shall be
marked by color. For the smoke alarm powered by an AC power supply, it shall have
AC power supply working indicator lights. the AC power supply working indicator light
shall be green; the fire indicator light shall be red; the fault indicator light shall be yellow.
4.9 The smoke alarm shall be provided with a fabric of maximum mesh size not
greater than 1 mm or other measures to prevent the ingress of insects.
First supply power at nominal voltage; then decrease the power voltage at the rate of
not greater than 0.1 V per min; observe whether the smoke alarm gives fault signals;
record the voltage value (fault voltage) when fault signals are given.
5.4.3 Requirement
The smoke alarm shall be capable of giving fault signals.
5.5 Polarity reversal test
5.5.1 Object
Test whether polarity reversal causes damages to the smoke alarm.
5.5.2 Method
5.5.2.1 For smoke alarms which is not connected to the internal battery for power
supply, reverse the polarities of the power lines of their external power supply, and
maintain this condition for 2 h, unless smoke alarms give fault or fire alarm signals. If
smoke alarms are interconnectable in use, then, also reverse the connecting lines
between them.
5.5.2.2 For smoke alarms connected to the internal battery (including the standby
battery) for power supply, if it is allowed by their structure, reverse the connecting
terminals of the battery and the battery of smoke alarms and maintain the condition for
2 h unless smoke alarms give fault or fire alarm signals.
5.5.2.3 For smoke alarms powered by the battery (including the standby battery), use
the fault voltage to supply power and observe whether smoke alarms give fault signals.
5.5.2.4 After the above-mentioned operation, re-connect the power supply of smoke
alarms as specified in 5.1.4 and measure the response threshold value as specified in
5.2.
Of the two response threshold values measured for the specimen in this test and in
the initial sensitivity test, designate the greater as ymax or mmax and the lesser as ymin or
mmin.
5.5.3 Requirement
The ratio of the response threshold values ymax . ymin or mmax . mmin shall not be greater
than 1.6.
The smoke alarm powered by the battery shall give fault signals under the fault voltage.
5.5.4 Test apparatus
Smoke tunnel.
5.6 Sound pressure test
Designate the maximum response threshold value as ymax or mmax and the minimum
value as ymin or mmin.
5.11.3 Requirement
The ratio of the response threshold values ymax . ymin or mmax . mmin shall not be greater
than 1.6.
5.11.4 Test apparatus
Smoke tunnel.
5.12 Conformity test
5.12.1 Object
To test the conformity of the response threshold value of the smoke alarm.
5.12.2 Method
Number 18 smoke alarms in the order of 1 ~ 18 and measure the response threshold
value in the ?€?worst?€? orientation of the smoke alarm. For the smoke alarm having a
variable response threshold value, carry out test by setting the response threshold
value of the smoke alarm at the maximum-minimum limit values.
Of the 18 smoke alarms, designate the maximum response threshold value as ymax or
mmax and the minimum value as ymin or mmin.
For the smoke alarm having a variable response threshold value, when setting at the
minimum limit value, designate the maximum response threshold value as ymax(1) or
mmax(1) and the minimum value as ymin(1) or mmin(1). When setting at the minimum limit
value, designate the maximum response threshold value as ymax(2) or mmax(2) and the
minimum value as ymin(2) or mmin(2).
5.12.3 Requirement
5.12.3.1 For smoke alarms having a fixed response threshold value.
a) the ratio of the response threshold values ymax . ymin or mmax . mmin shall not be
greater than 1.6.
b) the minimum response threshold value ymin shall not be less than 0.2, and mmin
shall not be less than 0.05 dB/m; the maximum response threshold value ymax
shall not be greater than 3.0, and mmin shall not be greater than 2.0 dB/m.
5.12.3.2 For smoke alarms having a variable response threshold value
a) the ratio of the response threshold values ymax(1) . ymin(1) or mmax(1) . mmin(1) and
ymax(2) . ymin(2) or mmax(2) . mmin(2) shall not be greater than 1.6.
After taking the other smoke alarm out of the damp heat test chamber, store it in the
environment for 72 h at the temperature 15??C ~ 25??C and the relative humidity less
than 70%; measure the response threshold value in the ?€?worst?€? orientation as specified
in 5.2.
Compare the response threshold value measured using the two smoke alarms with
the response threshold value measured in the conformity test of the two smoke alarms;
designate the maximum response threshold value as ymax or mmax and the minimum
response threshold value as ymin or mmin.
In the damp heat test chamber, the surface of the smoke alarm shall be free from
condensation when one environment transits to another.
5.18.3 Requirement
a) during test, the smoke alarm shall not give fault or fire alarm signals;
b) after test, the smoke alarm shall be free from coating damage and corrosion;
c) the ratio of the response threshold values ymax . ymin or mmax . mmin shall not be
greater than 1.6.
5.18.4 Test apparatus
Test apparatus (damp heat test chamber) shall be as specified in 4.5.4 of GB 16838-
1997.
5.19 Vibration test (endurance)
5.19.1 Object
To test the adaptability of the smoke alarm and its structural integrity when it is
subjected to mechanical vibration other than multiple, repeated vibration.
5.19.2 Method
Mount the smoke alarm and base in its normal mounting position, at the center of the
beam bottom surface of the vibration test apparatus; connect to the power supply as
specified in 5.1.4; make it remain in the normal monitoring condition.
Adjust the test apparatus to make a cylindrical steel block, 1 kg in mass, drop from 700
mm high to the central part of the beam top surface, along the guiding device; the
vibration area is 18 cm2 ?? 10%; it will drop continuously 5 times.
After test, measure the response threshold value in the ?€?worst?€? orientation as specified
in 5.2; compare it with the response threshold value of the smoke alarm measured in
the conformity test; designate the maximum response threshold value as ymax or mmax
and the minimum response threshold value as ymin or mmin.
5.19.3 Requirement
5.21.1 Object
To test the ability of the smoke alarm to resist corrosion.
5.21.2 Method
During test, mount the smoke alarm and base in its normal mounting position in a test
chamber of temperature 40??C ?? 2??C, concentration 25 ?? 10-6 ?? 5 ?? 10-6 (volume ratio)
and relative humidity 90% ~ 95%; subject it to a test for 21 d.
During test, the smoke alarm is not powered on. During loading and unloading the
smoke alarm, its surface shall be free from condensation.
After test, condition the smoke alarm and base for 7 d under the normal atmospheric
conditions.
When the smoke alarm and the connecting leads are well connected, measure the
response threshold value in the ?€?worst?€? orientation as specified in 5.2; compare it with
the response threshold value of the smoke alarm measured in the conformity test;
designate the maximum response threshold value as ymax or mmax and the minimum
response threshold value as ymin or mmin.
5.21.3 Requirement
The ratio of the response threshold values ymax . ymin or mmax . mmin shall not be greater
than 1.6.
5.21.4 Test apparatus
Test apparatus shall be as specified in 4.9.4 of GB 16838-1997.
5.22 Insulation resistance test
5.22.1 Object
To test the insulating performance of the smoke alarm not connected to the internal
battery for power supply.
5.22.2 Method
Mount the smoke alarm not connected to the internal battery for power supply and its
base on a metal plate (the voltage ground end) of the insulation resistance test
apparatus; connect all connecting points of the smoke alarm to each other in a short
circuit; apply a DC voltage of 500 V ?? 50 V between the short-circuit and the metal
plate; measure the insulating resistance after maintaining it for 60 s ?? 5 s. After drying
the smoke alarm in a drying oven for 6 h at 40??C ?? 5??C, place it into the damp heat
test chamber at the temperature 40??C ?? 2??C and relative humidity 90% ~ 95%;
maintain it for 96 h; store under the normal test atmospheric conditions for 600+10 0 min;
immediately measure the insulating resistance using the above-mentioned method.
5.24.2 Method
Place the smoke alarm in the low temperature test chamber; connect to the power
supply as specified in 5.1.4; make it remain in the monitoring condition. Maintain it for
1 h at the temperature 15??C ~ 25??C and the relative humidity not greater than 70%;
decrease the temperature to - 10??C ?? 3??C at the rate not greater than 0.5??C/min;
maintain in the condition for 2 h (the smoke alarm shall not be frozen in the test
chamber).
After the low temperature stabilization period, take out the smoke alarm; disconnect
the power supply; condition for 1 h ~ 2 h in the environment at the temperature 15??C
~ 25??C and the relative humidity not greater than 70%; measure the response
threshold value measured in the ?€?worst?€? orientation as specified in 5.2; compare with
the response threshold value measured in the conformity test of the smoke alarm and
designate the maximum response threshold value of the three as ymax or mmax and the
minimum response threshold value as ymin or mmin.
5.24.3 Requirement
a) during test, the smoke alarm shall not give fault or fire alarm signals;
b) the ratio of the response threshold values ymax . ymin or mmax . mmin shall not be
greater than 1.6.
5.24.4 Test apparatus
Test apparatus shall be as specified in 4.3.4 of GB 16838-1997.
5.25 Electrostatic discharge test
5.25.1 Object
To test the resistance of the smoke alarm to the electrostatic discharge caused by
charged human body.
5.25.2 Method
Place the smoke alarm on the grounding plate for test with the distance from it to the
edge of the grounding plate shall ...