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DZ/T 0080-2010: Specifications for geophysical logging of coal
DZ/T 0080-2010
GEOLOGICAL MINERAL INDUSTRY STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE?€?S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Replacing DZ/T 0080-1993
Specifications for geophysical logging of coal
ISSUED ON: MARCH 06, 2010
IMPLEMENTED ON: MARCH 31, 2010
Issued by: Ministry of Land and Resources of the People?€?s Republic of
China
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3??
Introduction ... 4??
1 Scope ... 5??
2 Normative references ... 5??
3 General ... 6??
4 Logging design ... 7??
5 Construction preparation ... 11??
6 Requirements for data collection ... 13??
7 Method technical requirements ... 19??
8 Data processing, interpretation ... 26??
9 Submission and acceptance of results ... 31??
10 Instruments and equipment ... 37??
11 Safety construction, health protection ... 42??
Appendix A (Normative) Logging notice ... 47??
Appendix B (Normative) Well-site basic data record book ... 49??
Appendix C (Normative) Raw data standard of geophysical logging of coal
(recommended standard) ... 54??
Appendix D (Normative) Logging result book ... 56??
Appendix E (Normative) Warehousing-incoming registration form of logging
record, processing disk (tape) ... 59??
Specifications for geophysical logging of coal
1 Scope
This specification specifies the basic requirements for the design,
instrumentation, measurement technology, raw material?€?s quality evaluation,
data processing and interpretation, report preparation, safety protection of
geophysical logging of coal.
This code is applicable to geophysical logging work related to coal, coalbed
methane, hydrology, engineering, environment, etc. (hereinafter referred to as:
geological exploration work of coal) in the geological exploration work of coal
resource evaluation, coal mine basic construction, coal mine safety production.
2 Normative references
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Standard
through reference in this Standard. For the dated references, the subsequent
amendments (excluding corrections) or revisions do not apply to this Standard;
however, parties who reach an agreement based on this Standard are
encouraged to study if the latest versions of these documents are applicable.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document applies.
GBZ 142-2002 Radiological protection standard for sealed radioactive
sources used in oil and gas-field logging
GBZ 19871-2002 Basic standards for ionizing radiation protection and
radiation source safety
DZ/T 0069-1993 Schema/legend and color application standard of
geophysical survey map
DZ/T 0181-1997 Hydrogeological logging work specifications
DZ/T 0196-1997 General technical conditions for logging instrument
DZ/T 0215-2002 Specifications for coal, peat exploration
GWF 02 Regulations on management of radioisotope and radiation accident
b) Divide the lithology profile of the borehole, determine the physical property
data of the coal-seam, calculate the sand, mud and water content of the
rock-layer, infer and interpret the stratigraphic age;
c) Conduct physical and chemical comparison of coal and rock-layers;
establish stratigraphic geological cross-sections;
d) Determine the dip-angle and inclination of the formation, study the
variation law of coal and rock-layer, geological structure and sedimentary
environment;
e) Measure the ground temperature of the formation; analyze and evaluate
the characteristics of the ground temperature change;
f) Measure formation porosity, formation water saturation; determine water-
bearing-layer location and recharge relationship between water-bearing-
layers; measure water inflow and permeability coefficient;
g) Measure the mechanical parameters of the coal-seam;
h) Preliminarily estimate the gas content, porosity, permeability of the
coalbed methane in the target coal-seam; qualitatively evaluate the
permeability of the top and bottom rock-layers;
i) Determine the top angle and azimuth of the borehole;
j) Inspection evaluation of cementing quality and correction of casing depth;
k) Provide information or make preliminary assessments of other beneficial
minerals.
3.10 Processing and interpretation of data shall integrate various logging
methods and measured data of parameters. At the same time, it is necessary
to correctly and reasonably use geological, hydrological, engineering,
environmental and drilling, ground geophysical and laboratory data, to provide
accurate and reasonable geological results for coal geology exploration work.
3.11 The organization form, technical strength, equipment, transportation of
logging work shall be adapted to the construction characteristics of logging. At
the same time, it is encouraged to use new technologies, new methods and
new parameters, to continuously improve and develop logging technology and
continuously expand the field of geological applications.
4 Logging design
4.1 Basic requirements
sampling interval, sampling method, test and physical property test of coal and
rock core in other test holes shall be adapted to the purpose of the test. The
coal-seam?€?s number, thickness, structure, lithology, geological structure,
stratigraphic age, core inclination shall be correctly divided and described in
detail.
4.5.3 It shall prepare the test plan before the test. It shall prepare the test
summary in time after the test.
5 Construction preparation
5.1 Logging notice
5.1.1 After the drilling and exploration project is completed, the project team will
issue a ?€?logging notice?€? to the logging project undertaker, which will be
confirmed through signature by the geological and logging person in charge
(see Appendix A for the contents of logging notice).
5.1.2 When the logging is noticed via telecommunication, after the logging
personnel arrives at the well site, they shall complete the formal formalities in
time.
5.1.3 Loggers shall arrive at the well site before the agreed time. If there is any
special situation that cannot be reached in time, it shall timely notice the
planned arrival time to the relevant department.
5.2 Logging preparation
5.2.1 It shall, based on the design requirements, the drilling exploration data of
the borehole to be tested, the logging data of adjacent hole, analyze the
geological conditions of the borehole.
5.2.2 Check the working status of the instrument on site and follow the
requirements of Table B.3 in Appendix B to fill in the inspection results. At the
same time, the data related to the adjustment and test must be recorded in
digital and monitored records, meanwhile the corresponding charts shall be
drawn and well kept.
5.2.3 Check other necessary equipment, tools, materials, materials, etc. The
radioactive source tank must be locked and stored to ensure safety.
5.2.4 Follow the requirements of Table B.1 in Appendix B to carry out the
determination of well fluid resistivity, well fluid temperature, well fluid density.
5.2.5 Carry out cable depth (marking) inspection and follow the requirements of
Table B.5 in Appendix B to fill in the inspection results.
When the monitoring record fails, it is necessary to perform on-site
playback and obtain the corresponding well-site?€?s original playback record
curve;
b) The monitoring records shall select paper and printing equipment that can
be stored for a long time. The general paper feeding error is not more than
1%;
c) The monitoring records shall be marked with the vertical and horizontal
proportions. The selected depth scale shall meet the requirements for the
determination of the target layer and the formation stratification. Generally,
it may use 1:200 or 1:500;
d) In the same exploration area, the horizontal scale shall be uniform. It shall
be able to clearly identify coal-seams, rock-layers (including loose layers),
water-bearing-layers, fracture zones and so on. The relative amplitude of
the two-thirds of the main parameter curve of the recoverable coal-seam
shall not be less than 4 cm, except for the method that is not significantly
different from the surrounding rock. Logging methods with large dynamic
range of data such as lateral logging shall be recorded in logarithmic scale;
e) Different curves shall be distinguished by different line types or colors;
f) There shall be no breaks on the target layer. In other sections, the number
of breaks per 100 meters shall not exceed 2; the break distance shall not
be greater than 1 mm. The curve shall not be distorted, leaked or
otherwise interfered.
6.1.5 Preliminary interpretation of coal-seam well site
a) There must be two or more qualitative and fixed physical parameters. It
shall follow the requirements of Table B.8 in Appendix B to fill the
preliminary interpretation of the results of the coal-seam well site;
b) The methods of physical parameters shall be interpreted according to their
respective interpretation principles; the results (i.e., preliminary
interpretation results) shall be determined from the average of the
interpretation results;
c) The error between the initial interpretation results and the final
interpretation results shall meet the requirements of Table 1.
Table 1 -- Requirements for interpretation error of coal-seam and parting
Unit in meter
Coal-seam thickness Maximum thickness difference
Maximum depth
difference
Maximum thickness
difference of interlayer
is no saturation.
7.8 Ultrasonic imaging logging
7.8.1 The unit of the sound amplitude recording curve is mV.
7.8.2 The depth scale shall be selected according to the accuracy requirements
and the inclination of the rock-layer.
7.8.3 Before the instrument is lowered into the well, the sound reflection and
magnetic scanning lines shall be monitored and examined in the special mud
cylinder. When logging, the instrument must be centered.
7.8.4 Measurement range is according to the design requirements.
7.9 Natural potential logging
7.9.1 The unit of natural potential is mV.
7.9.2 Before the electrode is downhole, it shall remove the oxide on the
electrode.
7.9.3 The polarity shall be discerned during the measurement so that the curve
is positive in the right direction and negative in the left direction. The baseline
of the curve shall be determined in the lithologically pure mudstone or silty rock
section.
7.9.4 The total resistance of the measuring line shall be greater than 10 times
the value of the grounding resistance change.
7.9.5 In areas with industrial stray current interference, the N-electrode can be
made by casing or cable sheath. It may also measure the natural potential
gradient curve.
7.10 Resistivity logging
7.10.1 The unit of resistivity is ????m and the unit of resistivity is ms/m.
7.10.2 Before the electrode system is downhole, an external resistance shall
be connected for two-point inspection. The relative error between the inspection
value and the calculated value shall not exceed 5%.
7.10.3 The same type of electrode system shall be used for the same survey
area.
7.10.4 The change in grounding resistance affects the measurement result by
not more than 2%.
7.11 Electrode potential logging
7.14.2 The instrument must be inspected by a known diameter before the
downhole, with an error of not more than 10 mm.
7.14.3 Within the borehole casing, the measured value shall not differ from the
casing?€?s inner diameter by more than 10 mm. In the measured data, there shall
be no actual value which is less than the value when the measuring arm is fully
retracted or more than the value when the measuring arm is fully extended.
7.15 Well-deviation logging
7.15.1 The test must be carried out before the downhole of the instrument. The
checkpoints of the apex angle and the azimuth angle are not less than two; the
difference between the measured value and the measured value of the
compass is as follows: the apex angle is not more than 1??; the azimuth angle is
not more than 20?? (when the apex angle is greater than 3??). The instrument
must be zero-hoisted for inspection at the wellhead before and after the
downhole, with an error of not more than 0.5??.
7.15.2 In case of point measurement, when the apex angle is greater than 1??,
at each measurement point, it shall measure the apex angle and azimuth angle
simultaneously. When the apex angle is less than 3?? or there is a ferromagnetic
object near the slanting point (within 10 m), there is no requirement for the
azimuth error.
7.15.3 In case of point measurement, the spacing between measuring points is
generally not more than 50 m, the oriented inclined holes are not more than 20
m, the deepest measuring points are not more than 10 m from the bottom of
the hole. When the change of apex angle between two adjacent measuring
points is greater than 2?? or the change of azimuth angle is greater than 20?? (the
apex angle is greater than 3??), the measurement shall be densified. The
measuring point may not be densified any more after being densified to 10 m.
7.15.4 In case of point measurement, the inspection measurement point shall
not be less than one per 200 m. The deepest measurement point must be tested.
The difference between the tested value and the original measured value: the
apex angle is not more than 1??; the azimuth angle is not more than 10??.
Instruments that are continuously used for recording may not be inspected.
7.15.5 For the instruments with cable resistance compensation device, it is
forbidden to change the compensation value during measurement.
7.15.6 The ratio of the difference between the well-diameter of the measuring
section and the diameter of the well inclinometer to the length of the well
inclinometer shall be less than 0.035 (sin2??). When the diameter of the borehole
does not meet the above requirements, it may use the method of measuring
multiple points around the borehole wall at the same depth.
8.1.2.5 Other processing items shall be carried out according to the logging
design requirements.
8.2 Interpretation of single-hole data
8.2.1 Logging borehole shall be subjected t...